The cyclotide fingerprint in oldenlandia affinis: elucidation of chemically modified, linear and novel macrocyclic peptides

The complete suite of cyclotides present in Oldenlandia affinis (Rubiaceae), the plant that was originally found to contain this unique family of circular proteins, has been characterised. This study expands the number of known cyclotides in this plant to 17, of which nine new sequences (kalata B9-B17) were characterised in this work. In addition, five derivatives that contain oxidation products of the conserved tryptophan were identified, and it was shown that the formation of these derivatives is catalysed by exposure to sunlight. Furthermore, we describe two "linear" cyclotide analogues. These acyclic peptides have three intact disulfide bonds, and their N and C termini coincide with the hypothesised cleavage sites from the precursor protein. This work increases our knowledge about the sequence variation that is accommodated by the cyclic cystine knot scaffold, confirms its applicability as a template for drug design, and also shows the first natural degradation pathways for cyclotides. These pathways have important implications for the persistence and environmental fate of the cyclotides if used as crop-protection agents.     

涤纶仿毛长丝弯曲性能测试因素分析

为模拟涤纶仿毛长丝在实际织造条件下抗弯曲性能,对4种规格涤纶仿毛长丝的打结位置、拉伸速度和夹持距离等打结参数对其打结断裂强力和打结断裂伸长率影响进行探究。实验结果表明:长丝打结后的断裂强力和断裂伸长率比未打结状态下小,说明长丝弯曲后力学性能变差;打结位置偏离中心位置越远,打结断裂强力越小,而打结位置越接近拉伸下夹头位置,打结断裂伸长率越大;长丝打结后断裂强力和断裂伸长率遵循"弱环定律";打结断裂强力随长丝细度的增大而增大,但打结断裂伸长率与细度无关。     

The role of geometry on the viscoelastic materials properties: tensile and stress relaxation of the yarn

The time-dependent mechanical behavior of textiles has particular importance. One of such behaviors is stress relaxation. When strain is applied constantly, there is a decreased stress with time in viscoelastic materials, which is called stress relaxation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of knot’s geometry (surgeon, square and eight) and the number of knots on the tensile and stress relaxation properties of the polyester yarn. Significant differences were observed for the tensile characteristics of the yarn in the presence of the knot. Generally, the knotted yarns demonstrated lower tensile stress and strain at failure. Moreover, the results revealed that the stress relaxation behavior of the yarn is affected by the number of knots and their geometry. The yarn without knot exhibited the highest stress relaxation percent while the yarn with the surgeon’s knot displayed the least stress relaxation percent. On the other hand, increasing the number of knots led to a decrease in the percentage of yarn stress relaxation.     

Woven Surface and Form

The Advanced Geometry Unit (AGU) at Arup, founded by Cecil Balmond and Charles Walker, has become synonymous with a highly mathematical, topological approach to architecture. It has, however, collaborated on some of the most exciting experimental fabric structures of recent years, including Anish Kapoor's Marsyas at Tate Modern and Rem Koolhaas's Cosmic Egg at the Serpentine Gallery. Here, the unit's Tristan Simmonds, Martin Self and Daniel Bosia describe how the AGU has progressed research into textile techniques that encompass tailored biomorphic forms alongside knot diagrams. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Large-scale fabrication of bioinspired fibers for directional water collection

Spider-silk inspired functional fibers with periodic spindle-knots and the ability to collect water in a directional manner are fabricated on a large scale using a fluid coating method. The fabrication process is investigated in detail, considering factors like the fiber-drawing velocity, solution viscosity, and surface tension. These bioinspired fibers are inexpensive and durable, which makes it possible to collect water from fog in a similar manner to a spider's web.     

NURBS双向蒙皮造型方法的研究与实现

本文通过对ＮＵＲＢＳ造型方法技术的研究，在自主开发的ＳｕｐｅｒＭａｎＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ集成系统中成功地实现了基于复杂曲线的ＮＵＲＢＳ双向蒙皮曲面的造型功能，从而建立了完全基于ＮＵＲＢＳ方法的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统．通过大量的工程应用和实例验证表明所研究的ＮＵＲＢＳ方法是一种适用于复杂外形产品设计与制造的、灵活有效的造型方法．     

基于广义逆矩阵的B样条曲线节点消去算法研究

为了能运用广义逆矩阵理论来研究B样条曲线的节点消去问题，以解决在B样条曲线曲面拟合过程中产生的冗余节点数据，提出了一种基于广义逆矩阵的B样条曲线节点消去算法，该算法首先利用广义逆矩阵在处理奇异性问题上的独特作用来获得B样条曲线的节点可以消去的充要条件；然后在此基础上，又提出了消去多个节点的算法，算法对每个可以消去的节点都可计算相应的广义逆矩阵，而且仅进行一次矩阵的相乘即可得到由消去这个节点而产生的新的控制顶点和节点。实验表明，该算法的精度优于或近似于现有的Tiller算法，而时间效率则同于或近似于Tiller的算法。由于通过调整算法中的误差阈值，可以有效地控制消去节点后的曲线与原来曲线的误差，因此算法可以用于工程实践。     

多结点样条插值及其多尺度细化算法

针对风线与曲面拟事问题，研究多结点样条插值方法。这类方法具有基数型，显式计算及局部性等优点。主要的新结果是：对多结点样条基本函数的构造给出了新的表述；提出了一类新的不带移动的混合形多结点样条基本函数；基于多尺度分析的思想，给出了一种自适应的细化算法，它对消减采样数据的相关性是简便有效的。