边际贡献定价法在商战中的运用

根据贡献定价的理论依据,提出了贡献定价的应用策略。产品定价是企业对战略目标、生产经营成本、产品市场需求、需求弹性和竞争对手状况等内外环境因素进行综合分析与权衡的价格策划结果,边际贡献是反映销售收入与变动成本之间关系的重要财务指标,它体现企业销售产品的初步创利能力。     

Benefit analysis and contribution prediction of engine remanufacturing to cycle economy

The first automobile engine remanufacture company in China, Jinan Fuqiang Power Co, Ltd, was intro duced. The engine remanufacturing technological process of this company was described. The benefit statistic of re manufacturing 10 000 Styer engines were analyzed, and the contribution of engine remanufacturing to cycle economy was predicted. The results show that remanufacturing engineering could use the maximal additional values of obsolete engines, and make contributions to materials conservation, capital saving, energy conservation and environment protection. 10 000 engines are supposed to be remanufactured per year, the following benefits would be obtained:reclaiming additional values of RMB3.23 hundred million, saving metallic materials about 7.65 thousand tons, saving energy of 16 million kilowatt-hours, reducing emission of CO2 about 11.3 - 15.3 thousand tons, and providing employment for 500 persons. According to the survey and analysis, tremendous benefits will be gained by the year of 2020. For example, reclaiming additional values per year of 1424 - 2236 hundred million RMB, saving energy per year of 60 - 90 hundred million kilowatt-hours, reducing emission of CO2 about 6.67 - 9.69 million tons. It can be deduced that developing remanufacturing will play an important role in enriching the cycle economy and accelerating the development of national economy.     

Multiblock PLS-based localized process diagnosis

In this paper, we discuss a new fault detection and identification approach based on a multiblock partial least squares (MBPLS) method to monitor a complex chemical process and to model a key process quality variable simultaneously. In multivariate statistical process monitoring using MBPLS, four kinds of monitoring statistics are discussed. In particular, new definitions of the block and variable contributions to T² and Q statistics are proposed and derived in order to identify faults. Also, the relative contribution, which is the ratio of the contribution to the corresponding upper control limit, is considered to find process variables or blocks responsible for faults. As an application study, a large wastewater treatment process in a steel mill plant is monitored and the effluent chemical oxygen demand, which indicates the current process performance, is modeled based on the proposed MBPLS-based fault detection and diagnosis method.     

热泵在开发可再生能源领域的作用及其贡献率的计算方法

热泵是可再生能源的"开采机械",可以用一份电能或机械能,得到数倍的可再生能源,是重要的节能和环保技术。随着我国能源需求剧增和电力工业的快速发展,需要提高我国可再生能源的比例,热泵技术有着极其重要的作用。本文介绍了欧盟把热泵技术列为可再生能源的政策,进而说明了我国相应的政策。通过对我国燃煤电厂的发电效率和电网的输电效率的数据进行分析,得出热泵是获得可再生能源的一种技术。文中提出了我国热泵一次能源倍数α和可再生能源贡献率β两种计算方法供业内参考。由于电厂的烟气排放指标远比一般燃煤锅炉严格得多,用热泵代替燃煤锅炉可改善大气质量。因此本文建议把热泵可再生能源贡献率的计算方法写入国家标准,以促进我国热泵制造产业,大力推广热泵节能技术。     

气象科技创新业务贡献评价标准研究

科技创新重在应用,重在产生效果。对于气象部门而言,创新的效果主要体现在气象业务能力和水平的提升上,然而如何判断科技创新是否对业务产生了贡献,或科技创新对业务产生的贡献大小,需要建立一个具备可比性的、不以评价人的主观意志为转移的客观标准来衡量。为此本研究设计了一个叫做“气象科技创新业务贡献度”的评价指标,试图通过“气象科技创新业务贡献指数”的客观计算,来建立一套客观评价和衡量气象科技创新业务贡献大小的评价标准,供评价项目、单位、区域或部门气象科技创新业务贡献大小时使用。该指标设计的特点是,以突破重大气象业务核心技术为重点,以满足气象业务服务质量和效率提高为指向,形成用于测量气象科技创新业务贡献的定量测量模型,以此为基础,可以开发出满足气象科技创新业务贡献评价需求的、供全国统一使用的气象科技创新业务贡献评价标准。     

建立线性规划模型优化"吨氯"效益

通过对上海氯碱化工股份有限公司氯资源生产链的分析,在对各种氯产品的单耗,产量量化分析的基础上,建立了线性规划数学模型,并以该公司单一月份实际数据对模型的有效性进行了验证.结果证明,采用模型优化的生产组合方式,可以显著提高氯资源的效益.     

私家车增长对城市居住空间扩展影响研究——以大连市为例

交通系统的发展是触发城市成长的诱导工具,根据"循环与积累因果原则"(Principle of Circular and Causation),私家车增长改变了交通结构,扩大了出行范围,改变了人们的住房观念,从而拓展了城市居住空间,牵引人口、商业区及相关产业逐步向城市边缘区发展,破除市郊壁垒,向更远空间扩散。本文以大连市为例,通过建立计量地理模型研究私家车增长对城市居住空间扩展影响,结果表明:在1990～2004年,居住空间扩展的诸多影响因子中私家车的平均贡献率达到2.14%,并且在三个不同阶段大连居住空间扩展的实际变化情况与模型计算的贡献率变化具有完全同步性;通过对大连市不同方向、不同距离上居住小区私家车数量的调查统计、分析,得出在距市中心5km范围以外,私家车对城市居住空间扩展作用最为突出。     

Stirring the hearts of followers: Charismatic leadership as the transferal of affect.

In 2 studies, the authors found that leader charisma was positively associated with followers' positive affect and negatively associated with followers' negative affect. The authors hypothesized that leaders' positive affect, positive expression, and aroused behavior will mediate these relationships. The results of their lab study suggest that leaders' positive expression and aroused behavior mediated these relationships. A field study showed that firefighters under the command of a charismatic officer were happier than those under the command of a non-charismatic officer and that these relationships were mediated by the leader's positive affect and a tendency to express positivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

含能聚合物的热导率的预测

为了更好地理解炸药的非冲击起爆和非理想爆轰,采用在共轭聚合物骨架上引入含能基团—NO_2、—N_3和—ONO_2的方法设计了几种新的含能共轭聚合物。通过比较Bicerano热导率计算模型和Askadskii热导率基团贡献法,选择了相对偏差较小的Askadskii热导率基团贡献法对新设计的含能共轭聚合物的热导率进行了计算。结果表明,新设计的共轭含能聚合物具有比非共轭含能聚合物具有更高的热导率,有的可以达到1.0 W·m K~(-1)以上。含能共轭聚合物热导率高于非共轭聚合物的原因可能是在双键和单键交替连接产生的共轭体系中,会产生晶格振动导热和电子导热的耦合,使得整个含能共轭聚合物的传导热能力增强;通过对比新设计的含能共轭聚合物的热导率发现,当含能共轭聚合物单体所占体积更大时,含能共轭聚合物具有更高的热导率。