伍尔夫女同性恋书写的解构策略

女同性恋文学书写是伍尔夫用来解构父权制文化的理想策略。一间把男性排斥在外的女性私密房间,敢于打破常规和禁忌的强有力的现代女性形象,挑战男性生殖器霸权的女性欲望书写都使伍尔夫的小说创作对异性恋霸权和父权制构成威胁和挑战。     

Multicultural research and practice: Theoretical issues and maximizing cultural exchange.

This article reviews literature on cross-cultural approaches to assessment, research, and clinical practice, culminating in recommendations for using a “cultural exchange” approach when working with multicultural clients. It examines challenges in studying culture and mental illness, including methodological issues and problems in defining constructs in multicultural research. Measurement of disorders cross-culturally, including efforts to validate depression measures for use with multicultural populations, is also discussed. Perspectives on cultural competence are presented, including the American Psychological Association Multicultural Guidelines, and a “cultural exchange” approach to therapy is presented as a tool for maximizing the benefit of therapy with multicultural clients. Three clinical vignettes are presented to illustrate the use of this approach and how identifying the commission of Type I and Type II multicultural errors can enhance clinical work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Client diversity.

This article reviewed the empirical support for customizing the therapeutic relationship for women, ethnic minorities, gay, lesbian, and bisexual persons, and individuals from lower social classes. Specifically, we examined whether evidence existed that these populations fared less well in treatment than mainstream populations, whether matching of therapists with client demographics (i.e., gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and socio class) improved outcomes, and whether population-specific strategies improved treatment outcomes with members of these groups. We found that, in general, there was a paucity of research on treatment outcomes with these populations. Moreover, the available research had methodological limitations. Most studies were effectiveness rather than efficacy studies. Finally, most suggestions for improving treatment outcomes with these groups were not based on empirical research. Based on our review, we offer suggestions for therapeutic practices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perceived parenting skill across the transition to adoptive parenthood among lesbian, gay, and heterosexual couples.

Little research has examined change in perceived parenting skill across the transition to parenthood or predictors of change in perceived skill. The current study used an ecological framework to examine predictors of self-perceived parenting skill among 47 lesbian, 31 gay, and 56 heterosexual couples who were adopting their first child. Findings revealed that, on average, all new parents perceived themselves as becoming more skilled, although gay men increased the most and lesbians the least. Participants who were female, reported fewer depressive symptoms, expected to do more child care, and reported higher job autonomy viewed themselves as more skilled pre-adoption. With regard to change, parents who reported more relational conflict and parents who expected to do more child care experienced lesser increases in perceived skill. These findings suggest that regardless of gender, sexual orientation, and route to parenthood, new parents experience similar, positive changes in perceived skill, thereby broadening our understanding of parenting skill in diverse groups. The findings also highlight the importance of examining how gender, sexual orientation, and the family context may shape perceived skill across the transition to parenthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Counseling psychology research on sexual (orientation) minority issues: Conceptual and methodological challenges and opportunities.

This lead article of the special issue discusses conceptual and methodological considerations in studying sexual minority issues, particularly in research conducted by counseling psychologists (including the work represented in this special issue). First, the overarching challenge of conceptualizing and defining sexual minority populations is described. Second, the importance and value of scholarship about sexual minority issues are highlighted. Third, challenges in sexual minority research are outlined, using the articles in this special issue for illustrative purposes, and suggestions are offered for consideration in future research. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of the ways in which counseling psychologists are uniquely positioned to advance knowledge, practice, and social justice through research on sexual minority issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Revolutions in psychoanalytic theory of lesbian development: Dora to dykes and back again.

Nowhere is the therapeutic action in psychoanalytic theory, away from Freud and back again, more striking than in the realm of homosexuality. Theories of lesbian development have evolved to appreciate the complexity of sexuality and gender as expressed in sexual object choice, foregrounded within psychoanalysis by proponents of relational and intersubjectivity theories. In this article, I argue that it was not until psychoanalysis came to embrace this complex and contextualized understanding of homosexuality that therapists could become curious with patients about conflict-based aspects of their homosexual selves without risk of pathologizing. I elaborate the ways in which contemporary psychoanalytic theories of lesbian development have provided a theoretical context from which therapists may allow ideas of drive, conflict, and object relations to inform and to advance work with their lesbian patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The expression of parental identifications in lesbian mothers' work and family arrangements.

This paper employs a multiple case study approach to explore the complex influences of parental identification on lesbian mothers' decisions about paid work and family life, and on their comfort with those decisions. Through four clinical research vignettes, we describe the breadth of experience observed in a sample of 13 lesbian women assembled as part of a larger study (Stuart, 2007) exploring the psychology of conflict between paid work and motherhood. A psychoanalytic theoretical perspective and research approach allow us to argue against some oversimple conceptions of lesbian motherhood advanced by other theorists and researchers. Variations in lesbian mothers' work-family arrangements cannot be explained in terms of either egalitarian relations between two maternally identified partners, or more traditional relations between one maternally identified and one paternally identified partner. Like heterosexual women, lesbians express a mixture of maternal and paternal, female and male identifications through varied arrangements of paid work and family life. However, lesbian mothers may be somewhat more reluctant than heterosexual mothers to acknowledge either current conflict around work and motherhood or its roots in personal history. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Victimization, social support, and psychosocial functioning among children of same-sex and opposite-sex couples in the United Kingdom.

To further develop an understanding of psychological and social functioning of children raised by lesbian couples, the authors compared 18 students ages 12-16 raised in families led by female same-sex couples, who were identified from a large school-based survey, with 18 matched students raised by opposite-sex couples and the general student sample. Comparisons were made on factors including victimization, social support, and psychological functioning. Results indicate that those students raised by female same-sex couples did not differ significantly from those raised by opposite-sex couples or the general student sample in terms of reports of victimization, psychological functioning, experience of common adolescent concerns, or prospective use of support outlets provided by family and peers. However, children of same-sex couples reported significantly less likelihood of using school-based support than did children of opposite-sex couples or the general student sample. Findings indicate the need for school administrators, teachers, and psychologists to be knowledgeable of and provide appropriate support and resources for these children. Additional implications for research and application are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Coming to terms with coming out: Review and recommendations for family systems-focused research.

For lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents and young adults, coming out to family members, especially parents, is a major psychological decision and hurdle due to both perceived fears and actual negative consequences. But beyond the literature on factors associated with the decision to come out and parents' initial reactions to the disclosure, empirical studies of what unfolds afterward, and how the family adjusts to the LGB adolescent's identity over time, are sparse and scattered. This article reviews and integrates findings from studies of the individual-, dyadic-, and family-level variables associated with positive outcomes, focusing particularly on relationship variables. Methodological concerns within this body of research are discussed, and research recommendations are offered. A preliminary working model of how families successfully come to terms with coming out is proposed to guide future research that will advance theory and clinical work with LGB youth and their families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer psychology: An introduction.

Reviews the book, Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer psychology: An introduction by Victoria Clarke et al., (see record 2010-08660-000). The goal of this book is to introduce readers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) psychology, which encompasses many different aspects of the lives of LGBTQ people, including prejudice and discrimination, parenting and families, coming out, and identity development. While no small undertaking, disseminating this knowledge is crucial in order for the field of psychology to be a true “psychology of people” that examines the experiences of all people and is open to diverse ways of living. The authors succeeded in including nearly every major topic in LGBTQ psychology while continually inviting the reader to engage critically. The book is not only well written but designed in a way that makes it an easy read. Along with the usual chapter summaries and questions for discussion, pedagological features include key researcher and key study boxes that enable familiarity with cutting-edge thinking in the field. Being that they represent different interests and areas of expertise, the authors deliver varied perspectives and approaches. One of the greatest strengths of this book is its applicability to a wide audience, from students to practicing psychologists and researchers. As a whole, this book provides realistic ways of creating change, fosters understanding, and challenges the reader to be wary of the ways in which traditional norms can be harmful to LGBTQ people. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)