Grand theories of personality cannot be integrated.

Comments on the original article "A New Big Five: Fundamental Principles for an Integrative Science of Personality," by Dan P. McAdams and Jennifer L. Pals (see record 2006-03947-002). McAdams and Pals (April 2006) presented a new model to integrate the field of personality psychology. Cultural and evolutionary factors interact with an individual's basic traits, characteristic adaptations, and life narratives, which in turn are linked to roles, demands, and behaviors. The current authors welcome McAdams and Pals's (2006) model for providing a way to integrate much of the previously disparate empirical findings in personality psychology. However, the current authors also think that McAdams and Pals (2006) overstated the inclusiveness of the model, and more generally, the current authors dispute their assertion that the grand theories of personality can be integrated within a single model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality theories facilitate integrating the five principles and deducing hypotheses for testing.

Comments on the original article "A New Big Five: Fundamental Principles for an Integrative Science of Personality," by Dan P. McAdams and Jennifer L. Pals (see record 2006-03947-002). In presenting their view of personality science, McAdams and Pals (April 2006) elaborated the importance of five principles for building an integrated science of personality. These principles are stances on evolution and human nature, dispositional signatures, characteristic adaptations, life narratives, and the differential role of culture. Their main emphasis involved differentiating these principles and indicating that they are all relevant to understanding personality. The discussion by McAdams and Pals certainly illuminates the various aspects of personality, but it also cries out for some greater, more systematic integration of the five principles into particular kinds of personality. It is not yet possible, in their approach, to identify different types of personality orientation and to evaluate the relative effectiveness of these orientations. As presented, their approach may be considered a start but hardly a finish. Here, the current author suggests that the metatheory of personality theories that he has proposed (Maddi, 1969/1996) could accelerate the needed integration of the five proposed principles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress.

A growing body of evidence suggests that most adults exposed to potentially traumatic events are resilient. However, research on the factors that may promote or deter adult resilience has been limited. This study examined patterns of association between resilience and various sociocontextual factors. The authors used data from a random-digit-dial phone survey (N = 2,752) conducted in the New York City area after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack. Resilience was defined as having 1 or 0 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and as being associated with low levels of depression and substance use. Multivariate analyses indicated that the prevalence of resilience was uniquely predicted by participant gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, level of trauma exposure, income change, social support, frequency of chronic disease, and recent and past life stressors. Implications for future research and intervention are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An efficient method for classifying perfectionists.

Multiple samples of university students (N = 1,537) completed the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R; R. B. Slaney, M. Mobley, J. Trippi, J. Ashby, & D. G. Johnson, 1996). Cluster analyses, cross-validated discriminant function analyses, and receiver operating characteristic curves for sensitivity and specificity of APS-R scores were used to derive efficient and straightforward calculations and decision rules for classifying students as perfectionists (and as either adaptive or maladaptive). Convergent validity of the cutoff scores for group membership was supported by expected group differences on other measures of perfectionism. Criterion-related (concurrent) validity of the classification scheme was supported by comparison of groups on measures of depression, life satisfaction, and grade point average. The cutoffs and decision rules should prove useful in applied or future research situations in which differentiation of perfectionists and nonperfectionists is desired. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Why older adults make more immediate treatment decisions about cancer than younger adults.

Literature relevant to medical decision making was reviewed, and a model was outlined for testing. Two studies examined whether older adults make more immediate decisions than younger adults about treatments for prostate or breast cancer in authentic scenarios. Findings clearly showed that older adults were more likely to make immediate decisions than younger adults. The research is important because it not only demonstrates the consistency of this age-related effect across disease domains, gender, ethnic groups, and prevalent education levels but begins to investigate a model to explain the effect. Major reasons for the effect focus on treatment knowledge, interest and engagement, and cognitive resources. Treatment knowledge, general cancer knowledge, interest, and cognitive resources relate to different ways of processing treatment information and preferences for immediate versus delayed decision making. Adults with high knowledge of treatments on a reliable test tended to make immediate treatment decisions, which supports the knowledge explanation. Adults with more cognitive resources and more interest tended to delay their treatment decisions. Little support was found for a cohort explanation for the relationship between age and preference for immediate medical decision making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Temperature of the Limiter Surface Measured by IR Camera in HT-7 Tokamak

Temperature measurement by IR （infrared） camera was performed oll HT-T tokamak. particularly during long pulse discharges, during which the temperature of the hot spots on the belt limiter exceeded 1000℃. The heat load on the surface of the movable limiter could be obtained through ANSYS with the temperature measured by IR-camera. This work could be important for the temperature measurement and heat load study on the first wall of EAST device.     

溅渣护炉技术在临钢20t转炉上的应用

介绍了转炉溅渣护炉技术在临钢20t转炉上应用的基本情况，对应用中出现的主要技术问题提出了解决措施。     

西钢复吹转炉提高底吹寿命生产实践

西林钢铁公司炼钢总厂通过对底吹工艺制度优化,提高底吹寿命达到13000炉以上,保证复吹转炉的冶金效果,降低生产成本,稳定产品质量。     

2091铝锂合金疲劳性能的定量研究

采用新的应力疲劳公式对２０９１铝锂合金Ｔ８态（２０９１Ｔ８）、焊态（２０９１Ｗ）及焊后热处理（２０９１ＷＨＴ）的板材的疲劳试验结果进行了拟合，得到了具有理论疲劳极限的Ｓ－Ｎ曲线数学表达式。与文献中采用Ｍａｎｓｏｎ－Ｃｏｆｆｉｎ公式拟合结果相比，认为本文采用的新的应力疲劳寿命公式的拟合结果更为成功和合理．     

延长大型高碳铬铁电炉炉衬寿命的技术探讨

通过25 MVA高碳铬铁电炉炉衬的解剖,论述了冶炼过程中炉衬的侵蚀机理及影响炉衬寿命的主要因素,并总结出有效延长大型高碳铬铁电炉炉衬寿命的方法。