N-5700-1型凝汽器传热特性数值分析与改善

利用自行开发的凝汽器数值模拟软件对N-5700—1型电站凝汽器传热特性进行了数值模拟,根据该凝汽器存在的问题,提出结构改进措施,数值分析结果表明所建议的改造措施是有效的。     

闸板式调节阀工作性能的试验与研究

闸板式调节阀在现场的试验结果,研究调节阀随锅炉负荷的变化时的工作特性,测试出该种调节阀门的流量系数。     

Low-temperature Properties of Biodiesel： Rheological Behavior and Crystallization Morphology

A soybean oil derived biodiesel was prepared and blended with a conventional No. 0 petrodiesel. The pour points (PP) and the cold filter plugging points (CFPP) of biodiesel blends were evaluated on a low-temperature flow tester. Dynamic viscosities of the blends at different temperatures and different shear rates were measured on a rotary rheometer. The crystal morphologies of biodiesel blends at low temperatures were analyzed using a polarizing microscope. The results indicated that blended fuels demonstrated slight decrease in PPs and CFPPs as compared with those of neat soybean oil derived biodiesel and pure petrodiesel. Below the temperatures of PPs or CFPPs, the dynamic viscosity of biodiesel blends dramatically increased with a decreasing temperature, but decreased with an increasing shear rate, so that biodiesel blends exhibited non-Newtonian behavior. At temperatures higher than PPs or CFPPs, a linear relationship appeared between the dynamic viscosity and shear rate and biodiesel blends became Newtonian fluids. At low temperatures, wax crystals of biodiesel blends grew and agglomerated rapidly. Loss of fluidity for biodiesel blends at low temperatures could therefore be attributed on one hand to the sharp increase of viscosity and on the other hand to the rapid growth and agglomeration of wax crystals.     

Development of a Highly Selective,Sensitive, and Fast Response Upconversion Luminescent Platform for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) has been recognized as one of most important gaseous signaling molecules mediated by a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Yet, its functions remain largely elusive due to the lack of potent monitoring methods. Hereby this issue is addressed with a powerful new platform—dye‐assembled upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). A series of chromophores with different absorption bands and fast responses towards H₂S is combined with UCNPs and results in a library of H₂S sensors with responsive emission signals ranging from the visible to the near‐infrared (NIR) region. These nanoprobes demonstrate highly selective and rapid responses to H₂S in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, H₂S levels in blood can be detected using the developed nanoprobes. Hence the reported H₂S sensing platform can serve as a powerful diagnostic tool to research H₂S functions and to investigate H₂S‐related diseases.     

Interface Engineering and Controlling the Friction and Wear of Ultrathin Carbon Films: High sp3 Versus High sp2 Carbons

Understanding and engineering interfaces, and controlling the friction and wear of materials, are extremely important for many technological applications, particularly for magnetic storage technologies and micro‐ and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), where one sliding/moving surface comes into contact with another. Ultrathin carbon films are generally employed in most of these technologies. However, their wear and friction mechanisms are not well understood, especially the role of the film–substrate (FS) interface has not been deeply explored and discussed to date. This limits further developments in this field. Through experimental and theoretical experiments, we are able to report on the engineering of a FS interface consisting of high sp³‐ and high sp²‐bonded ultrathin carbon films on Al₂O₃–TiC substrates by introducing a silicon nitride (SiN_x) interlayer and tuning the carbon ion energy. All carbon‐based overcoats show a low coefficient of friction (COF) in the range of 0.08–0.16; however, the high sp³‐bonded C/SiN_x bilayer overcoat reveals the lowest and most stable friction. The friction mechanism is explained using an integrated framework of surface passivation, rehybridization, material transfer, tribolayer formation, and interfaces. We discover that FS interface engineering substantially reduces the wear of ultrathin carbon films while maintaining/reducing the friction. In general, this approach can be applied to control the friction and wear of ultrathin films of diverse materials.     

掺钇(Ba,Sr,Ca)TiO_3纳米粉体及细晶陶瓷的制备与性能

采用sol-gel法制备了Y3+掺杂Ba0.90Sr0.08Ca0.02TiO3(BSCT)纳米粉体及细晶陶瓷。通过TG-DTG、XRD、SEM和TEM对样品结构及形貌进行了表征,并测试了陶瓷的介电性能。研究表明,Y3+掺杂BSCT纳米粉体主要为立方相BaTiO3,烧结后陶瓷晶粒尺寸在0.68~2.24μm可控,Y3+掺杂可以抑制陶瓷晶粒的生长,使陶瓷的tC向低温方向移动。随Y3+掺杂量的增大,陶瓷的介电温谱εr-t趋于平缓,当x(Y3+)为7.0%时,陶瓷的室温εr大幅度提高到9 176。     

新型铁电玻璃陶瓷的研究进展

综述了铌酸盐、钛酸盐、铋层钙钛矿结构三种类型的铁电玻璃陶瓷的性能及应用,分析比较了熔融法、烧结法、sol-gel法和激光诱导法四种制备方法的优缺点,基于铁电玻璃陶瓷材料研究和应用现状,探讨了此类材料的研究方向与发展前景。     

氧化物掺杂ZnO-Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3复合陶瓷的制备及电性能研究

采用固相法制备了氧化物掺杂ZnO-Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3复合陶瓷,并利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对其晶相及微观形貌进行了观测;另外,研究了氧化物掺杂对陶瓷介电性能及压敏性能的影响。结果表明,当掺杂摩尔分数为0.50%的Bi2O3和0.50%的Sb2O3时,陶瓷在室温下的εr为36402,tanδ为0.065;在此基础上继续掺入0.25%的MnO和0.35%的Cr2O3,陶瓷的非线性系数α为5.4,漏电流IL为1.5×10–6A/mm2,压敏电压为3.0V。Bi2O3、Sb2O3、MnO和Cr2O3掺杂使ZnO-Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3复合陶瓷的介电性能和压敏性能同时得到了有效提高。     

三阶色散对超高斯型脉冲传输特性的影响

从修正的非线性Schr?dinger方程出发,采用变分法,导出了在三阶色散情况下超高斯型脉冲参数随传输距离的演化方程组及其解,讨论了三阶色散对光纤中不同锐度超高斯脉冲传输特性的影响。求出了振幅与脉宽、脉宽与啁啾、啁啾与频率及中心位置之间的三个解析约束关系,得出了脉宽随传输距离演化的解析解,用龙格-库塔法进行数值求解描绘了不同锐度下三阶色散对光纤中超高斯脉冲的脉宽的影响。结果表明：超高斯型脉冲满足绝热特性,色散系数增大到0.3或脉冲前后沿锐度系数m≥3时,脉冲信号便会明显地被展宽,其周期也大幅度地变大。     

无线光通信编码调制中交织器设计研究

交织设计是无线光比特交织编码调制通信系统抗衰落能力的一个影响因素。在构建系统模型基础上,给出了交织器优化设计的基本原则及其数学模型,对伪随机交织、S-随机交织和改进黄金分割交织的距离特性及其在弱湍流条件下的性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,交织可有效提高编码调制的差错性能,对于给定交织方式,增加交织长度可获得更好改善,当交...