航天消光黑漆双向反射分布函数的测量与应用

为了了解经过消光黑漆(Z306)喷涂处理后航天相机遮光罩表面对杂散光的散射特性,对喷涂了Z306的铝板样品进行了双向反射分布函数(BRDF)测量和建模分析。通过测量获得了黑漆样片在0.65μm波段的BRDF值。结合Z306黑漆测量数据的散射特征,选择了适合粗糙黑漆表面的Microfacet-based模型,并对模型进行了修正。使用修正的Microfacet-based模型对测量数据处理并建模,得到了样片整个半球空间的BRDF数据,弥补了测量数据量少和测量误差带来的缺陷。将黑漆的BRDF数据代入软件,分析并进行了光学系统杂散光测试验证。结果表明:采用修正的Microfacet-based模型处理黑漆的BRDF后,分析光学系统杂散光(点扩散函数,PST)得到的结果与实际测量的杂散光(PST)的一致性很高,实测值与分析值比值的对数精度优于0.5。得到的结果证明了BRDF建模的必要性和数据处理的准确性,为光学系统的杂散光抑制提供了重要的保障。     

温度和搅拌对甲基磺酸亚锡电镀亚光锡的影响

为提高甲基磺酸盐体系镀锡的质量,在甲基磺酸亚锡镀液中加入自主研发的亚光添加剂进行电镀亚光锡,采用电化学试验、Hull槽试验、扫描电镜等考察了温度和搅拌对甲基磺酸盐体系电镀亚光锡的阴极极化行为、镀层形貌、电流密度范围、沉积效率、沉积速度及镀液成分的影响。结果表明：亚光添加剂能够显著提高电镀亚光锡的阴极过电位、改善镀层质量;搅拌镀液可使浓差极化减小,增大了电镀亚光锡的电流密度范围;镀液温度升高,锡沉积电位正移,晶粒变粗,电流密度范围、电流效率和锡沉积速度均有所提高;温度过高（40-50℃）时,随着电镀时间的延长,镀液中sn。’浓度升高,甲基磺酸浓度下降,镀液成分变化较大,不利于镀液维护及连续生产。     

Experiment Research on the Enrichment of Precious Metals from Nickel-copper-iron Matte

According to the chemical and phase composition of the nickel-copper-iron matte containing precious metals and the progress in enrichment of precious metals from the nickel-copper-iron matte containing precious metals at home and abroad, this paper put forward the process route of enrichment of precious metals and selectively leaching of base metals from the nickel-copper-iron matte by sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite. The effects of particle size, leaching temperature, leaching time, amount of sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite on the leaching rate of nickel, cobalt, copper and iron are mainly discussed. The results show that raw material particle size has significantly effects on the leaching rate of base metals, high leaching rate of base metals and enrichment of precious metals are obtained with the suitable particle size. Through the experiments, the reasonable experiment parameters and conditions were determined as fellows: particle size of-200 to +250 mesh, leaching temperature 95℃ , leaching time 5 h, sulfuric acid concentration 30%, adding amount of sodium hypochlorite 3 times of matte weight. Under these experiment parameters and conditions, the leaching rate of nickel, cobalt, copper and iron were 97.39%, 96.24%, 98.30% and 99.01%, respectively. The content of nickel, cobalt, copper, iron in the leaching residues was 8.15%, 0.23%, 1.40% and 0.24%, respectively. The content of Pt, Pd, Au, Ag and Rh in the leaching residues was 247 g/t, 521 g/t, 112 g/t, 494 g/t and 24 g/t, respectively. The content of Pt, Pd, Au, Ag and Rh in the leaching solution was <0.0005 g/L, 0.0023 g/L, 0.0007 g/L, <0.0005 g/L and 0.00017 g/L, respectively. This process has advantages as follows: a small investment, simple technology, high enrichment efficiency.     

Kinetics of acid-oxygen leaching of low-sulfur Ni-Cu matte at atmospheric pressure

The leaching of low-sulfur Ni-Cu matte in acid-oxygen (CuSO4-H2SO4-O2) solution at atmospheric pressure was researched. This matte was obtained from high grade Ni-Cu matte by magnetic separation, which mainly contained Ni-Cu alloy and a small quantity of sulfides. The effects of temperature, agitation speed, oxygen flow rate, particle size, acid concentration and concentration of copper ion were studied. It is found that the matte particles are leached by shrinking core mechanism and the leaching process is electrochemically controlled. In a temperature range of 30-60 ℃, the surface reaction is rate-limiting step, with an apparent activation energy of 41.9 kJ/mol. But at higher temperature (70-85℃), the rate process is controlled by diffusion through the product layer, with an apparent activation energy of 7.3 kJ/mol.     

火法冶金中贱金属及锍捕集贵金属原理的讨论

从微观层次讨论火法熔炼过程中贱金属相及锍相捕集贵金属的原理。认为捕集作用的发生是由于熔 融的渣相和贱金属相两者的组成结构差异很大。渣相靠共价键和离子键把硅、氧原子和Ca２＋,Mg２＋,Fe２＋等离 子束缚在一起,键电子都是定域电子,贵金属原子在熔渣中不能稳定存在。金属相靠金属键把原子束缚在一起, 原子间的电子可以自由流动。贵金属原子进入金属相可降低体系自由能。锍在高温下具有相当高的导电率（数 值在１０３～１０４S·cm－１范围）,且温度系数呈负值,属电子导电。熔锍的性质类似金属,因此,在造锍熔炼过程 中,     

一种无二氧化硫的有色金属冶炼方法--有色金属硫化矿及含硫物料的还原造锍熔炼

提出一种无二氧化硫排放的有色金属冶炼方法.将有色金属硫化矿或硫化矿精矿或它们的含硫物料与造锍剂、还原剂、添加剂磨碎混合,然后在1000～1300℃的温度下进行还原造锍熔炼.该方法在无二氧化硫生成的情况下一步炼制有色金属粗金属或合金,产出锍、炉渣和烟尘,同时回收金、银等贵金属,具有流程简单、回收率高、成本低等优点.此方法适合于铅、锑、铋的单一硫化矿或精矿、铅-锑、铅-锌、及铜-铅-锌及铜-锌复杂硫化矿或精矿以及这些金属的含硫富集物的无污染冶炼,更适合从含金黄铁矿烧渣中回收贵金属.     

适合凹印连线生产的 UV 磨砂油墨配方

目的实验研究适合凹印连线生产,且具有凹印连线印刷适应性,低VOCs含量,可实现高速、环保印刷的UV磨砂油墨的配方。方法采用相关的检测设备对新的UV磨砂油墨进行性能检测与比较,主要包括油墨的细度、粘度、干燥时间、VOCs含量等;同时对比了该油墨印制的烟包产品的质量,包括磨砂度、色度等。结果该配方油墨各项检测性能优异,满足高速凹印机进行磨砂效果的印刷的基本条件;同时通过目测和手触实验对凹印印制的烟包产品磨砂质量与传统丝印工艺进行对比,目测效果基本一致,手触实验显示凹印机印制产品磨砂颗粒更细腻、磨砂感更强。结论新的UV磨砂油墨配方节能环保,可用于凹印连线生产,极大提高了生产效率。     

PS转炉铜锍吹炼过程智能决策与终点预报系统

利用建立的基于神经网络与自适应残差补偿的组合预报模型对吹炼终点范围进行预报，采用物料衡算与模糊推理方法在线推算预报结果的校验范围。在此基础上开发炼铜转炉优化操作智能决策支持系统。应用表明，终点范围预报准确率在85％以上。转炉产量提高6％，冷料处理量提高7．8％。     

降低奥斯麦特熔炼渣含铜实践

阐述了奥斯麦特熔炼炉在高冰铜品位操作时降低熔炼炉、电热沉降炉渣含铜量的生产实践。     

澳斯麦特技术——铜吹炼的发展

用于铜生产的澳斯麦特顶吹浸没喷枪（TSL）技术已被证明是一种低成本的技术,该技术在精矿熔炼的应用中得到了普遍的认可。这一技术在吹炼中的应用也具有同样的优点。本文总结了澳斯麦特技术在吹炼工艺中的应用,对目前的工厂应用及最新的工艺发展做了描述。