The combination of complementary techniques to characterize materials at the nanoscale is crucial to gain a more complete picture of their structure, a key step to design and fabricate new materials with improved properties and diverse functions. Here it is shown that correlative atomic force microscopy (AFM) and localization‐based super‐resolution microscopy is a useful tool that provides insight into the structure and emissive properties of fluorescent β‐lactoglobulin (βLG) amyloid‐like fibrils. These hybrid materials are made by functionalization of βLG with organic fluorophores and quantum dots, the latter being relevant for the production of 1D inorganic nanostructures templated by self‐assembling peptides. Simultaneous functionalization of βLG fibers by QD655 and QD525 allows for correlative AFM and two‐color super‐resolution fluorescence imaging of these hybrid materials. These experiments allow the combination of information about the topography and number of filaments that compose a fibril, as well as the emissive properties and nanoscale spatial distribution of the attached fluorophores. This study represents an important step forward in the characterization of multifunctionalized hybrid materials, a key challenge in nanoscience. 相似文献
Flexible perovskite photodetectors are usually constructed on indium‐tin‐oxide‐coated polymer substrates, which are expensive, fragile, and not resistant to high temperature. Herein, for the first time, a high‐performance flexible perovskite photodetector is fabricated based on low‐cost carbon cloth via a facile solution processable strategy. In this device, perovskite microcrystal and Spiro‐OMeTAD (hole transporting material) blended film act as active materials for light detection, and carbon cloth serves as both a flexible substrate and a conductive electrode. The as‐fabricated photodetector shows a broad spectrum response from ultraviolet to near‐infrared light, high responsivity, fast response speed, long‐term stability, and self‐powered capability. Flexible devices show negligible degradation after several tens of bending cycles and at the extremely bending angle of 180°. This work promises a new technique to construct flexible, high‐performance photodetectors with low cost and self‐powered capability. 相似文献
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential in research pertaining to life science and energy. In applications, platinum-based catalysts give ideal reactivity, but, in practice, are often subject to high costs and poor stability. Some cost-efficient transition metal oxides have exhibited excellent ORR reactivity, but the stability and durability of such alternative catalyst materials pose serious challenges. Here, we present a facile method to fabricate uniform CoxOy nanoparticles and embed them into N-doped carbon, which results in a composite of extraordinary stability and durability, while maintaining its high reactivity. The half-wave potential shows a negative shift of only 21 mV after 10,000 cycles, only one third of that observed for Pt/C (63 mV). Furthermore, after 100,000 s testing at a constant potential, the current decreases by only 17%, significantly less than for Pt/C (35%). The exceptional stability and durability results from the system architecture, which comprises a thin carbon shell that prevents agglomeration of the CoxOy nanoparticles and their detaching from the substrate.
Nanocellulose is a sustainable and eco-friendly nanomaterial derived from renewable biomass.In this study,we utilized the structural advantages of two types of nanocellulose and fabricated freestanding carbonized hybrid nanocellulose films as electrode materials for supercapacitors.The long cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) formed a macroporous framework,and the short cellulose nanocrystals were assembled around the CNF framework and generated micro/mesopores.This two-level hierarchical porous structure was successfully preserved during carbonization because of a thin atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 conformal coating,which effectively prevented the aggregation of nanocellulose.These carbonized,partially graphitized nanocellulose fibers were interconnected,forming an integrated and highly conductive network with a large specific surface area of 1,244 m2·g-1.The two-level hierarchical porous structure facilitated fast ion transport in the film.When tested as an electrode material with a high mass loading of 4 mg·cm-2 for supercapacitors,the hierarchical porous carbon film derived from hybrid nanocellulose exhibited a specific capacitance of 170 F.g-1and extraordinary performance at high current densities.Even at a very high current of 50 A·g-1,it retained 65% of its original specific capacitance,which makes it a promising electrode material for high-power applications. 相似文献
Phosphorus atomic chains,the narrowest nanostructures of black phosphorus (BP),are highly relevant to the in-depth development of BP-based one-dimensional (1D) nano-electronics components.In this study,we report a top-down route for the preparation of phosphorus atomic chains via electron beam sculpturing inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM).The growth and dynamics (i.e.,rupture and edge migration) of 1D phosphorus chains are experimentally captured for the first time.Furthermore,the dynamic behavior and associated energetics of the as-formed phosphorus chains are further investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.It is hoped that these 1D BP structures will serve as a novel platform and inspire further exploration of the versatile properties of BP. 相似文献
Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) is widely used as a gate layer in integrated circuits, transistors, and channels through nanofabrication. Nanoremoval and roughness control are required for nanomanufacturing of various electronic devices. Herein, a nanoscale removal method is developed to overcome the limitations of microcracks, complex procedures, and time-consuming conventional fabrication and lithography methods. The method is implemented with a mechanically induced poly-Si phase transition using atomic force microscope (AFM). Mechanical force induces the covalent bonds between silicon and fluorine atoms which cause the phase transition of poly-Si. Then, the bond structure of the Si molecules is weakened and selectively removed by nano-Newton-scale force using AFM. A selective nanoscale removal with roughness control is implemented in 0.5 mM TBAF solution after mechanical force (43.58–58.21 nN) is applied. By the magnitude of nano-Newton force, the removal depth of poly-Si is controlled from 2.66 to 21.52 nm. Finally, the nanoscale fabrication on poly-Si wafer is achieved. The proposed nanoremoval mechanism is a simple fabrication method that provides selective, nanoscale, and highly efficient removal with roughness control. 相似文献
Testing of parallel programs involves two parts-testing of control flow within the processes and testing of timing-sequence.This paper focuses on the latter,particularly on the timing-sequence of message-passing paradigms.Firstly the coarse-grained SYN-sequence model is built up to describe the execution of distributed programs.All of the topics discussed in this paper are based on it .The most direct way to test a program is to run it.A fault-free parallel program should be of both correct computing results and propoer SYN-sequence.In order to analyze the validity of observed SYN-sequence,this paper presents the formal specification (Backus Normal Form) of the valid SYN-sequence.Till now there is little work about the testing coverage for distributed programs.Calculating the number of the valid SYN-sequences is the key to coverage problem,while the number of the valid SYN-sequences is terribly large and it is very hard to obtain the combination law among SYN-events.In order to resolve this problem,this paper proposes an efficient testing strategy-atomic SYN-event testing,which is to linearize the SYN-sequence (making it only consist of serial atomic SYN-events)first and then test each atomic SYN-event independently.This paper particularly provides the calculating formula about the number of the valid SYN-sequences for tree-topology atomic SYN-event(broadcast and combine),Furthermore,the number of valid SYN-sequences also,to some degree,mirrors the testability of parallel programs.Taking tree-topology atomic SYN-event as an example,this paper demonstrates the testability and communication speed of the tree-topology atomic SYN-event under different numbers of branches in order to achieve a more satisfactory tradeoff between testability and communication efficiency. 相似文献