螺纹综合测量机的扫描原理与误差分析

检测圆柱螺纹主要方法有螺纹综合测量机的轮廓扫描法和测长机的三针法、量球法,两种检测方法的测量结果存在一些差异。通过论述螺纹综合测量机检测圆柱螺纹的结构原理,构建轮廓扫描几何模型,设计针尖半径补偿算法,并对检测方法的误差影响因素进行了分析。经分析,所提出的螺纹综合测量机的轮廓扫描法具有测量精度高、速度快、参数全面、检测过程自动化,受人为因素干扰小的特点,是螺纹综合参数测量的最好方法。     

纸基碳纳米管薄膜/叉指结构的超灵敏宽量程压力传感器（英文）

柔性压力传感器因其在可穿戴设备和人机交互界面中的潜在应用而备受关注.特别是在实际应用中,人们对具有高灵敏度、宽测量范围和低成本的压力传感器有很大需求.基于此,我们研制出了一种测量范围宽的超灵敏压力传感器.该传感器是以碳纳米管(CNT)均匀溶液直接喷在纸表面作为敏感材料,用光刻技术制成的叉指电极为结构.由于CNT大的比表面积、纸的多孔结构以及CNT与叉指电极有效接触的协同作用,压力传感器实现了从0到140 kPa的宽测量范围,并在15,000个测试周期内表现出良好的稳定性.对于纸基碳纳米管薄膜/叉指状结构(PCI)压力传感器,敏感材料与叉指电极之间的连接区域在较小的压力范围内占主导地位,而敏感材料的内部变化在大的压力区域起主导作用.此外PCI压力传感器不仅具有2.72 kPa-1(直到35 kPa)的高灵敏度,还可以检测小重量,如一颗绿豆(约8 Pa).当压力传感器贴附到人体表面时,可以监测生理信号,如手腕运动、脉搏跳动和语音识别.此外,压力传感器的阵列能够识别空间压力分布,有望实际应用于人机交互界面.     

Analysis of thermal strains and stresses in heated fibre metal laminates

Current trends in aircraft design are to increase the economic efficiency by integrating different features in multifunctional materials. One strategy is to embed resistance heater elements between glass‐fibre epoxy layers in (heated) fibre metal laminates and to use them as anti or de‐icing devices in leading edges of wings. Heated glass fibre reinforced aluminium (GLARE) is an example of such a multifunctional material where heating functionality was added to the (certified) structural feature of GLARE. As heated fibre metal laminates are an innovative and rather new material, the possible (local) effects of embedded heating on the stress–strain state have not yet been investigated. This research couples experimental characterisation of heated GLARE surface behaviour and numerical modelling analysis to investigate the surface and the through‐the‐thickness strain‐stress state and temperature distributions due to the embedded heating. For the experimental part, the surface strains and the temperatures of a developed specimen were measured in a slow heating regime (temperature increase from 22.7 to 39.4 °C within 120 s) using, respectively, a developed shearography instrument and thermocouples with an infrared camera. Then a numerical model of heated GLARE was developed and verified with experimental results. Further, the numerical model was used to predict strains, stresses, and temperatures during a temperature increase similar to that used for de‐icing in a real operation (temperature increase from −25 to 86.7 °C within 4.8 s).     

Double bridge circuit for self‐validated structural health monitoring strain measurements

In structural health monitoring (SHM) applications, sensor faults and structural damage need to be assuredly discriminated. A self‐diagnosis strain sensor operating in a continuous online SHM scenario is considered. The strain sensor is based on full electric resistance strain gauge Wheatstone bridges. The state of the art shows that such a sensor has not yet been developed. The loop current step response (LCSR) is a well‐known method to detect strain gauge debonding. However, applying the LCSR method to a full strain gauge Wheatstone bridge has some limitations analysed in this paper. To enable the use of the LCSR method in an online SHM scenario, the double bridge circuit is proposed in this work. Two new strain gauge debonding fault detection methods and a new debonding fault isolation method—based on the double bridge circuit measurements—are proposed and evaluated. Two new sensor fusion weighting approaches are also proposed and evaluated—to achieve strain gauge debonding fault tolerance on the double bridge circuit. The experimental results show that the proposed methods can detect, isolate, and tolerate a strain gauge grid debonding fault and can be applied in an online SHM self‐diagnosis sensor scenario.     

基于真实交通状况的固定式机动车现场测速标准装置

为了满足机动车测速仪现场检测新方法的需要,研制了基于真实交通流量状态下的固定式机动车现场测速标准装置。介绍了该套现场标准装置的设计思路与设计方案,分析了现场标准装置中所用的现场标准测速仪的工作原理,并对其现场速度测量的不确定度进行评估。不确定度评估结果表明:在20～250km/h速度测量范围内,现场标准测速仪的相对扩展不确定度为0.12%(k=3)。通过2款机动车雷达测速仪样品的大样本现场试验数据,验证了机动车测速仪现场检测新方法的可行性,以及该套现场标准装置在真实交通流量状态下的实际测速性能。     

激光干涉仪在测长机不确定度评定中的应用

依据测长机校准规范中关于分米刻度尺的校准方法,为了尽可能消除测量过程中的各类误差,保证校准数据真实可靠,本文利用激光干涉仪对测长机分米刻度尺进行示值误差的不确定评定,评定结果小于测长机分米刻度尺误差的三分之一,满足精度要求,可供从事测长机校准工作人员参考。     

基于组合式力传感器的超宽量程力值测量方法研究

针对高准确度超宽量程力值测量的需求,本文提出了一种基于组合式力传感器的力值测量方法,通过对小量程和大量程力传感器的转换,在保证测量准确度的前提下,有效扩展了力传感器的力值测量范围,并进行了实验验证,实验结果表明:采用该组合式力传感器的力值测量方法可以有效扩展单只力传感器测量范围,使传统力传感器的测量范围从额定力值的(10~100)%测量范围扩展到(1~100)%测量范围,该组合式力传感器的准确度高,可以达到0. 01级标准测量仪的技术指标要求,可以作为参考力传感器应用在超宽量程力标准机或材料试验机上。     

感应同步器测角系统误差调整与补偿

分析了引起感应同步器测角系统一次谐波和二次谐波误差的原因,提出了对一次谐波进行补偿及对二次谐波进行调整的方法,并设计了一次谐波误差的补偿电路,通过实测数据并用谐波分析的方法对两项误差进行补偿与调整,提高了感应同步器的测角精度。     

模型故障诊断中测点优选的一种评估方法

在基于模型的故障诊断中,测点的选取与设置直接关系到故障信息获取的多少以及诊断精度和效率的高低,提出了一种利用五个参数来对测点的分布进行评估的方法,此方法可评估测点的整体测量效果也可评估测点的局部测量效果的优劣程度,通过实例分析证明此评估方法是有效的。     

P2P网络模式下测量设备溯源系统设计

本文介绍一种P2P网络结构下的分布式测量设备溯源管理系统的设计。围绕P2P网络架构的特点,分析了采用P2P结构设计本系统的主要原则和在小型分布式应用系统的实现技术。通过系统的开发实践,解决了P2P集中式架构下的节点通信、信息同步和任务协同等技术问题。实验证明,P2P网络结构下的分布式溯源管理系统较好的满足了一般企事业单位的业务需要。