利用真空固态反应合成高质量二维过渡金属二硫化物晶体及其应用

二维过渡金属二硫化物(TMD)晶体由于其结构的多样性和独特的性质备受关注。真空固态反应法是生长高质量二维TMD晶体的一种强有力工具,此方法大大推动了基于二维TMD晶体的基础研究和应用探索。在这篇综述中,我们总结了在真空系统中生长高质量二维TMD晶体的方法,并讨论了影响二维TMD晶体尺寸、质量、形态和多型性的因素。我们还简要讨论了二维TMD晶体的物理性质及各种应用。最后,对真空固态反应法在二维TMD晶体生长中的应用进行了展望。     

四川盆西平原区裸土扬尘中Pb、Cd化学形态的生物有效性

为探究四川盆西平原区裸土扬尘中Pb、Cd总质量分数与其生物有效性的规律,在构建的"阳离子型污染物土壤表层运移行为研究系统"内进行模拟起尘试验,对土壤样品进行Pb、Cd模拟污染试验,结果表明:试验条件下,四川盆西平原区裸土扬尘颗粒物中Pb、Cd的总质量分数随着粒径的减小而增大,其中Pb的化学形态以碳酸盐结合态为主(44....     

A mathematical model for the distribution balance of extraction processes from waste batteries

The experiments of metal Cd extraction were carried out three times at oil phase/aqueous phase (O/A)=1 and pH 2.2 by using 1.3 mol/L di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) as the agent,with an extraction rate of 99.5%.Experiments on metal Co extraction were done three times at O/A=0.5 and pH 4.7 by using 0.4 mol/L Cyanex 272 as the agent,with an extraction rate of 99.2%.By using equilibrium data and massive calculations to analyze and predict the interaction among the extraction systems,this paper came out with the polynomials of the empirical model as well as their parameter values for the equilibrium concentration of the above two extraction loops.     

O2,金属电极/YSZ界面的电化学研究

本文利用交流阻抗和直流极化的电化学方法，比较了200～500℃氧在Pt、Ag、Au、Ag－Pd四种化学镀电极上的扩散，350～600℃氧在金属电极／YSZ界面的电化学反应速度以及阴阳电荷传递系数；计算了350～600℃四种电极的界面阻抗；研究了400℃时O2在Ag－Pd电极界面的交换电流密度Io与氧分压Po2的定量关系．     

低渗透污染土水动力弥散参数试验研究

污染土的治理中通常采用降低渗透性的措施来控制其二次污染。通过获得其水动力弥散参数可以对其二次污染进行评价和预测,但是现有的土柱试验以及求解方法不适用于低渗透污染土水动力弥散参数的测定和求解。针对低渗透污染土水动力弥散参数试验和求解的问题,提出采用改进的柔性壁渗透仪测定其污染物的穿透曲线,根据所获得的穿透曲线,采用数值反演的方法计算污染土的水动力弥散参数。结果表明,采用柔性壁渗透仪和数值反演的方法,能够满足低渗透污染土水动力弥散参数测定的需要。     

A Composite Formation Route to Well‐Crystalline Manganese Oxide Nanocrystals: High Catalytic Activity of Manganate–Alumina Nanocomposites

Manganese oxide nanocrystals are combined with aluminum oxide nanocrystals to improve their crystallinity via calcination without a significant increase of crystal size. A nanocomposite, consisting of two metal oxides, can be synthesized by the reaction between permanganate anions and aluminum oxyhydroxide keggin cations. The as‐prepared manganese oxide–aluminum oxide nanocomposite is X‐ray amorphous whereas heat‐treatment gives rise to the crystallization of an α‐MnO₂ phase at 600 °C and Mn₃O₄/Mn₂O₃ and γ‐Al₂O₃ phases at 800 °C. Electron microscopy and N₂ adsorption‐desorption‐isotherm analysis clearly demonstrate that the as‐prepared nanocomposite is composed of a porous assembly of monodisperse primary particles with a size of ～20 nm and a surface area of >410 m² g^?1. Of particular interest is that the small particle size of the as‐prepared nanocomposite is well‐maintained up to 600 °C, a result of the prevention of the growth of manganate grains through nanoscale mixing with alumina grains. The calcined nanocomposite shows very‐high catalytic activity for the oxidation of cyclohexene with an extremely high conversion efficiency of >95% within 15 min. The present results show that the improvement of the crystallinity without significant crystal growth is very crucial for optimizing the catalytic activity of manganese oxide nanocrystals.     

Metal Forming of Vibration‐Damping Composite Sheets

Composite materials with vibrations damping qualities can be made of two steel sheets enclosing a viscoelastic plasticcorelayer. These sandwich sheets often need to be formed. Material parameters are determined to describe the forming process. Based on these parameters, pilot studies are carried out in order to develop recommendations for forming this class of material.     

海水卤水提锂高效吸附剂的合成及应用研究

高效吸附剂的研究和开发是高镁锂比海水卤水中锂分离提取的关键,当前最具工业应用前景的吸附剂为锂锰氧化物离子筛。本研究探讨了各合成条件对锂锰氧化物离子筛吸附剂的结构及吸附性能的影响,合成出了适用于不同镁锂比及锂浓度海水卤水的高容量吸附剂,吸附容量最高可达41.02 mg/g,锰溶损率为3.06%;此外,还开展了锂吸附分离的动态模拟试验,为所合成吸附剂用于海水卤水提锂的应用研究奠定基础。     

In situ study on dendrite growth of metallic alloy by a synchrotron radiation imaging technology

This study was trying to observe the real-time dendrite growth of Sn-Bi and Sn-Pb binary alloys by a synchrotron radiation imaging technology.The imaging system includes an intense and high brightness synchrotron radiation source,a high-resolution and fast-readout charge coupled device camera,an alloy sample and a Bridgman solidification system.The imaging experiments were done at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility with an updated synchrotron radiation imaging technique,diffraction-enhanced imaging,whic...     

Analysis of semi-solid response under rapid compression tests using multi-scale modelling and experiments

Simulating semi-solid metal forming requires modelling semi-solid behaviour. However, such modelling is difficult because semi-solid behavior is thixotropic and depends on the liquid-solid spatial distribution within the material. In order to better understand and model relationships between microstructure and behavior, a model based on micromechanical approaches and homogenisation techniques is presented. This model is an extension of a previous model established in a pure viscoplastic framework to account for elasticity. Indeed, experimental load-displacement signals reveal the presence of an elastic-type response in the earlier stages of deformation when semi-solids are loaded under rapid compression. This elastic feature of the behaviour is attributed to the response of the porous solid skeleton saturated by incompressible liquid. A good quantitative agreement is found between the elastic-viscoplastic predicted response and the experimental data. More precisely, the strong initial rising part of the load-displacement curve, the peak load and the subsequent fall in load are well captured. The effect of solid fraction on mechanical response is in qualitative agreement with experiments.