微波辐射对不同介质均相壳聚糖的降解研究

在小同酸性介质中，采用微波辐射对壳聚糖进行均相降解反应，制备出不同分子量的壳聚糖。探讨反应介质、过氧化氢与壳聚糖配比、微波辐射功率和辐射时间对降解反应的影响。结果表明：选择不同的反应条件，微波辐射1～6min就可制备出相对分了量在1～10万之间不同分子量大小的壳聚糖，且反应产率高、重复性好。固定其他反应条件不变，在CH3COOH介质中，壳聚糖的降解速度最快，适合制备分了量为1～5万的水不溶性壳聚糖，产率在80％以上；在HCOOH介质中，降解速度最慢，适合制备分子量在5万以上的壳聚糖，产率在90％以上；在HCl介质中的降解速度则介于二者之间。     

微波热烫和气调包装对中央厨房用胡萝卜理化特性及品质的影响

胡萝卜经去皮、切分等加工后容易受到氧气和微生物的作用而发生腐败变质,因此,需要合适的保鲜方法延缓其品质劣变。作者研究微波热烫和气调包装对鲜切胡萝卜贮藏品质的影响。对胡萝卜进行微波热烫和气调包装处理后,每隔5 d测定胡萝卜样品的硬度、β-胡萝卜素质量分数、水分质量分数、水分活度、水分状态、过氧化物酶活性、颜色和微生物数量等指标。微波热烫可以有效降低胡萝卜中的微生物数量,并降低其水分迁移率。相比之下,对照样品中自由水（T₂₄）的质量分数更为突出。360 W微波热烫300 s结合高氧气调包装（体积分数80% O₂、10% CO₂、10% N₂）降低了储藏期内胡萝卜中β-胡萝卜素的降解、硬度的损失和过氧化物酶的活性,且更好地控制了胡萝卜中水分活度和水分质量分数的增加。低功率微波热烫结合高氧气调包装是一种有效的保鲜方法,可用于改善胡萝卜的储藏品质。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定饮料中镉

目的：建立原子荧光光谱法测定果汁饮料中镉的检测方法。方法：采用微波消解法消解果汁饮料样品后，用原子荧光光谱法测定其中的痕量镉的含量，对测定条件进行了优化，并对测定方法进行了方法学考察。结果：镉的校准曲线的相关系数r=0．9995，线形范围为0-60．0μg／L，检出线为0．0472μg／L，回收率为94．9％-100．5％，RSD为5％。结论：该方法快速、简便、准确且灵敏度高，为果汁饮料中镉含量的测定提供了较好的方法，用本方法测定标准样品达到满意效果。     

Extraction and determination of methylpyrazines in cocoa beans using coupled steam distillation-microdistillator

The formation of methylpyrazines was determined in fermented cocoa beans (Ivory Coast), in laboratory and industrially roasted samples. The determination of these methylpyrazines was studied by coupled steam distillation-microdistillation as the extraction method and gas chromatography using capillary column and a thermionic detector. The monomethyl-; 2,3-dimethyl-; 2,5-dimethyl-; 2,6-dimethyl-; trimethyl- and the tetramethylpyrazine were detected in non-roasted cocoa beans. Their concentration increased rapidly in laboratory roasted cocoa beans and industrial samples, only the tetramethylpyrazine showed a maximum peak of concentration. The principal compound was the tetramethylpyrazine in fermented and roasted cocoa beans. The determination of the different methylpyrazines in cocoa beans would permit both the evaluation of cocoa mass quality and the control of the cocoa roasting process.     

微波制样对茶叶内质成分的影响

目的确定茶叶内质成分保留量最佳的微波杀青工艺参数及干燥方式。方法以夏秋茶鲜叶为研究对象,以茶多酚、咖啡碱、叶绿素、儿茶素保留量为考量指标,研究微波干燥、微波-远红外干燥、热风干燥对夏秋茶叶内质成分的影响,并对微波杀青工艺进行参数优化。通过对微波杀青时间、投叶量及微波功率进行单因素试验;并在此基础上进行L9(33)正交试验,运用方差、极差分析确定最佳微波杀青工艺参数。结果微波杀青时,投叶量50 g、微波功率800 W及微波杀青时间150 s,茶叶中内质成分保持最佳;比较三种干燥方式,得出微波干燥对茶叶内质成分在总体水平上保留效果最好。结论本研究建立的实验室微波干燥茶鲜叶方法可以为实验室微波固样方法提供参考,为工厂微波杀青及干燥提供一定的理论依据。     

Effect of osmotic pretreatment and microwave frying on acrylamide formation in potato strips

BACKGROUND: The presence of acrylamide, a probable carcinogen, is currently a major concern relating to the consumption of fried products. Therefore, recent frying studies have focused on ways of reducing the acrylamide content. The main objective of the present study was to determine the effects of microwave frying and osmotic treatment prior to frying on acrylamide formation in potato strips. RESULTS: Potatoes fried using 400 W microwave power for 1.0 min had an 87.85% lower acrylamide content than potatoes fried conventionally for 4.5 min (i.e. an 81.82% reduction in frying time) but a comparable moisture content. The acrylamide content of fried potatoes treated osmotically prior to both microwave and conventional frying was found to be lower than that of fried potatoes not pretreated osmotically. However, the reduction in acrylamide content was lower when osmotic treatment was applied before microwave frying. CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, it was concluded that microwave frying can be an alternative to conventional frying. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

油桃果皮红色素的微波提取工艺及特性研究

对油桃皮红色素的微波提取及理化特性进行了研究,结果表明,该色素为水溶性多酚类花色素,在不同的pH环境下显示不同的颜色;其耐热性、耐光性、耐酸、耐糖、耐还原性较好;但耐氧化性、耐碱性较差;Fe3 对色素有破坏性。研究还表明,该色素的提取宜在酸性介质中进行,酸性条件下其综合稳定性较优,有较高的利用价值。     

豆豉溶栓酶产生菌株的诱变育种

以豆豉溶拴酶产生菌株蜡状芽胞杆菌DC-101为出发菌株，通过微波和紫外线对该菌株的联合诱变作用，得到一株遗传稳定性较好的高产菌株DC．301，其产酶能力是出发菌株的2．67。     

软包装卤制鸡腿的加工工艺

本文主要讨论了软包装卤制鸡腿的加工工艺。并着重介绍了着色工艺和脱水保质杀菌方法。     

微波冷冻干燥传热传质模型的研究进展

微波冷冻干燥技术是一种快速干燥脱水技术,可应用在一些特定食品上,尤其是海产品、水果和蔬菜等。与传统冷冻干燥技术相比,微波冷冻干燥可节约干燥时间和能量,提高产品质量。文章主要介绍微波冷冻干燥的原理、国内外对其传热传质数学模拟的研究进展及在线检测技术,同时在干燥模拟过程考虑物料的介电特性,分析问题所在,并展望微波冷冻干燥数学模拟的发展方向。