数据库操作题自动阅卷的设计与实现

为克服人工阅卷的诸多困难，给出了一个对数据库操作题自动阅卷的设计方案，该方案以试题的组织形式和录入技术为基础，设计了供阅卷程序识别的形式语言，覆盖了数据库操作题的主要内容，作为山西省计算机应用能力考核系统的子系统，该方案已投入使用。     

数字媒体适配过程的一般框架、模型及应用研究

丰富的媒体内容和格式、异构的网络以及多样的终端设备,成为通用媒体访问的巨大障碍,媒体适配成为必要.文中分析了MPEG-21数字媒体适配DIA各实体之间的抽象关系,讨论了数字媒体适配的一般框架,建立了基于混合变量的约束优化模型.该模型统一了现有的媒体适配应用研究,能够用一致的算法进行求解.同时,文中从图像理解和视频分析角度,建立了媒体适配的层次结构,对媒体适配应用进行分类,并以当前的主要应用研究如图像适配、视频转码、位率适配、视频对象适配等举例说明.文中也探讨了混合媒体的多模态适配,指出了今后的研究热点和难点,如媒体语义抽取和适配、用户主观测度和媒体访问体验最大化等.     

城市形态美学浅析

“美是一个简单又复杂,清楚又含混,明确又模糊的概念。”它涵盖了自然、生活和艺术中的美、丑、崇高、戏剧性及其他的美的特征的共同点。美是美的事物之所以美的根据,是美的事物和人与世界审美关系的本质规定性和一般原理。城市形态美学研究的”城市”不仅是静止的客体对象,包括建筑、景观、各种生活现象,更要研究活动的城市主体——即作为城市灵魂的城市人,所以,城市形态美学研究的是城市人的审美意识及其活动状态,研究城市人的审美意识是如何形成的,如何表现的具有何种的美学价值,并可能向何种方向发展等问题。     

跨模态行人重识别研究与展望

行人重识别是计算机视觉的热门研究方向,其对智能安防、视频监控的发展有着重大意义.目前大部分工作主要集中在研究基于可见光的行人重识别,然而可见光摄像头无法在光线不足的黑夜中正常使用,而新型摄像头能够随机切换红外模式进行24小时视频监控,因此最近有一些工作对RGB-IR跨模态行人重识别问题进行了研究.本文分别从定义、研究难点和发展现状介绍了跨模态行人重识别问题,并根据不同的技术类型将目前存在的方法分为三类,即基于统一特征模型的方法;基于度量学习的方法;基于模态转换的方法.本文也详细介绍了该任务的数据集和评价准则,并对现有算法的性能进行分析与归纳.最后,总结了跨模态行人重识别的未来发展方向.     

Second Near-Infrared (NIR-II) Window for Imaging-Navigated Modulation of Brain Structure and Function

For a long time, optical imaging of the deep brain with high resolution has been a challenge. Recently, with the advance in second near-infrared (NIR-II) bioimaging techniques and imaging contrast agents, NIR-II window bioimaging has attracted great attention to monitoring deeper biological or pathophysiological processes with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatiotemporal resolution. Assisted with NIR-II bioimaging, the modulation of structure and function of brain is promising to be noninvasive and more precise. Herein, in this review, first the advantage of NIR-II light in brain imaging from the interaction between NIR-II and tissue is elaborated. Then, several specific NIR-II bioimaging technologies are introduced, including NIR-II fluorescence imaging, multiphoton fluorescence imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. Furthermore, the corresponding contrast agents are summarized. Next, the application of various NIR-II bioimaging technologies in visualizing the characteristics of cerebrovascular network and monitoring the changes of the pathology signals will be presented. After that, the modulation of brain structure and function based on NIR-II bioimaging will be discussed, including treatment of glioblastoma, guidance of cell transplantation, and neuromodulation. In the end, future perspectives that would help improve the clinical translation of NIR-II light are proposed.     

Dialysis education and options for late presenters—An ongoing dilemma

Pre-dialysis education forms a crucial part of dialysis preparation. Acute start dialysis patients often commence and remain on in-center hemodialysis (ICHD) without the benefit of an informed decision making process for kidney replacement therapy options. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence surrounding methods of education provision to the acute dialysis start population and their associated outcomes. Publications have described a holistic education pathway with multimedia provision of information and interactive experiences. One or more trained specialist nurses provided information over 3–5 sessions. Formal education was mostly initiated as an inpatient. 86%–100% of acute start dialysis patients are initiated and remain on ICHD. Following formal education, 21%–58% of patients chose peritoneal dialysis (PD), 10%–24% home hemodialysis, 33%–58% ICHD. This brings the number of patients maintained on an independent form of dialysis similar to the planned dialysis start population. Patients commenced on PD without needing temporary hemodialysis, hence avoided complications associated with such. Patients aged under 75 (p < 0.0001) and males (p = 0.006) were more likely to be influenced by education to select PD. The adjusted 5 year survival rates among discharged patients were similar between home and ICHD groups (73% vs. 71% respectively), with a comparable age of death. A targeted education program in the acute dialysis start population has proven to be feasible. Adaptations are likely required for each center; however, various methods have been shown to be effective, with an increased number of patients choosing an independent dialysis modality when given the choice.