亚洲模具工业与技术的发展状况

基于亚洲模具工业联合会会议上各成员协会的报告,介绍了近年来亚洲各国模具工业发展状况,并对新加坡模具技术的研究和发展动态,特别是网络制造技术、超精加工技术及其在精密模具制造中的应用、CNC虚拟培训等进行了分析和讨论。     

3M Petrifilm~(TM)快速测试片与国标法检测饮料中霉菌和酵母的比较

本研究使用3M Petrifilm~(TM)快速霉菌酵母测试片以及国标法同时对某功能维生素饮料样品进行霉菌计数和酵母计数检测,比较两者结果是否具有显著性差异。试验筛选采用白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、拟热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)、汉逊德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces hansenii)、绿木霉(Trichoderma virens)、炭黑曲霉(Aspergillus carbonarius)5株标准菌株进行试验,分别进行了菌株的预选试验、快速测试片检测的重复性试验和特异性试验,以及快速测试片法和国标法的比较试验。研究结果显示,菌株预选试验所筛选的菌株均能在测试样品中生长良好;重复性试验结果表明第二次结果均在第一次结果可接受范围内;特异性试验中表明快速测试片特异性良好;对比试验中使用两种方法对样品进行霉菌和酵母计数检测,结果使用F检验、t检验进行统计分析,结果表明3M Petrifilm~(TM)测试片法与国标法两种方法总体均值无显著差异。     

橡胶模具的原位清洗

综述了原位清洗的原理,介绍了国外的一些清洗剂及几种清洗胶料配方。     

装载机驾驶室SMC顶护盖设计

驾驶室顶护盖轻量化的必要性。SMC因其良好的各项性能成为取代部分金属材料的首选。本文介绍了SMC顶护盖的设计要求、SMC成型模具的设计及工艺，以及制造过程出现的缺陷和解决办法。     

Molecular biological researches of Kuro-Koji molds, their classification and safety

To assess the position of Kuro-Koji molds in black Aspergillus, we performed sequence analysis of approximately 2500 nucleotides of partial gene fragments, such as histone 3, on a total of 57 Aspergillus strains, including Aspergillus kawachii NBRC 4308, 12 Kuro-Koji molds isolated from awamori breweries in Japan, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, and A. tubingensis ATCC10550. Sequence results showed that all black Aspergillus strains could be classified into 3 types, type N which includes A. niger ATCC 1015, type T which includes A. tubingensis ATCC 10550, and type L which includes A. kawachii NBRC 4308. Phylogenetic analysis showed these three types belong to different clusters. All 12 Kuro-Koji molds isolated from awamori breweries were classified as type L, thus we concluded type L represents the industrial Kuro-Koji molds. We found all type L strains lack the An15g07920 gene which is required for ochratoxin A biosynthesis in black Aspergillus. This sequence is present in the genome of A. niger CBS 513.88 and has homology to the polyketide synthase fragment of A. ochraceus which is involved in ochratoxin A biosynthesis. Based on the industrial importance and the safety of Kuro-Koji molds, we propose to classify the type L strains as Aspergillus luchuensis, as initially reported by Dr. Inui.     

Mold,Mycotoxins and a Dysregulated Immune System: A Combination of Concern?

Fungi represent one of the most diverse and abundant eukaryotes on earth. The interplay between mold exposure and the host immune system is still not fully elucidated. Literature research focusing on up-to-date publications is providing a heterogenous picture of evidence and opinions regarding the role of mold and mycotoxins in the development of immune diseases. While the induction of allergic immune responses by molds is generally acknowledged, other direct health effects like the toxic mold syndrome are controversially discussed. However, recent observations indicate a particular importance of mold/mycotoxin exposure in individuals with pre-existing dysregulation of the immune system, due to exacerbation of underlying pathophysiology including allergic and non-allergic chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and even human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. In this review, we focus on the impact of mycotoxins regarding their impact on disease progression in pre-existing immune dysregulation. This is complemented by experimental in vivo and in vitro findings to present cellular and molecular modes of action. Furthermore, we discuss hypothetical mechanisms of action, where evidence is missing since much remains to be discovered.     

Investigation of inflammatory and allergic responses to common mold species: Results from in vitro experiments,from a mouse model of asthma,and from a group of asthmatic patients

Most studies on molds focus on Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, we report on inflammatory and allergenic properties of more typical indoor species Aspergillus versicolor, P. chrysogenum, C. cladosporioïdes, and C. sphaerospermum that were compared to A. alternata and A. fumigatus. In a mouse model, after intranasal instillation, A. alternaria, A. versicolor, and C. sphaerospermum induced the early recruitment of neutrophils and the strong expression of inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar lavages fluids. A. fumigatus also induced the early accumulation of neutrophils but with lower levels of inflammatory markers. Chronic treatment induced variable response according to species: P. chrysogenum and A. fumigatus appeared strong pro‐allergenic inducers compared to A. alternata and C. sphaerospermum while A. versicolor and C. cladosporioides induced a mixed pro‐allergenic/pro‐inflammatory response. In mold‐sensitized asthmatics, mold‐specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected with an in‐house dot‐blot assay. A. fumigatus and A. alternata were the most frequent sensitizers. Altogether, P. chrysogenum, P. brevicompactum, C. sphaerospermum, and C. cladosporïoides were the “major sensitizer” (defined as the strongest response against a single mold species) for almost 30% of the asthmatics. These results show that, not only A. alternata and A. fumigatus, but also indoor species have strong inflammatory and allergic properties and a harmful potency.     

Assessment,Evaluation and Acknowledgment of a New,More Controllable Method for Extracting Vegetal Fibers

Abstract

Pure, more homogeneous vegetal fibers are successfully extracted by using osmotic pressure to liberate the fibers (formed of static cells unaffected by water) from the binding tissue (formed of dynamic cells having semi-permeable membranes, deeply affected by water). When dried straw is immersed in enough water, osmotic pressure is generated ONLY inside cells having semi-permeable membranes, as long as a difference in the concentration of the water molecules persists inside and outside the dynamic cells (this is attained by repeated renewal of the outside water). The increase of the osmotic pressure would cause the rupture of the over-pressed membranes, gradually eliminating all the binding tissue and thus, the fibers are extracted smoothly in a pure form, with all their natural textile characteristics unaffected.     

冷却结构对连铸结晶器铜板热变形的影响

建立了板坯连铸结晶器三维有限元热弹塑性结构模型,计算了铜板变形及结晶器冷却结构对其影响规律.冷却结构和热力载荷决定了铜板热面变形行为,铜板变形量取决于冷却结构几何参数,并在铜镍分界处有较小变形突变;宽面热面中心线最大变形出现在弯月面下100mm处,窄面最大变形出现在弯月面和冷却水槽末端,且铜镍分界两侧变形曲线有明显的曲率波动;铜板加厚5 mm,最大中心线变形可增加0.05 mm,镍层对中心线变形影响不明显,1 mm的厚度变化仅在窄面引起最大0.01 mm的下降,冷却水槽对中心线变形影响也较小,水槽加深2 mm,最大中心线变形减少0.02 mm.     

基于MiLE法模拟结晶器中大方坯温度场、应力场及流场

应用混合Langrangian和Eulerian法(MiLE)实现了结晶器中GCr15钢大方坯温度场、应力场及流场的动态模拟,模拟结果与实际生产铸坯吻合.铸坯坯壳角部的温度高于中部,铸坯表面从上到下的温度总体呈下降趋势,且等温区间与流场变化具有一定的相似性.铸坯坯壳中部厚度约为17.5 mm,角部厚度约为13.2 mm.凝固坯壳内的应力主要是热应力.坯壳出结晶器时,坯壳外表面处于压缩状态,凝固前沿为完全拉伸状态.有效应变从铸坯外表面到凝固前沿逐渐增大.钢液在前进过程中不断扩张,流速不断降低,当流股到达一定深度后,形成左右对称向上的两个回流,和一对由凝固面一侧向下而由中心向上流动的回流区.