开封引黄灌区灌溉条件下稻田土壤盐分阈值研究

结合各生育期水稻耐盐度、各处理实际种前初始土壤含盐量和对应生育期最高的土壤含盐量,分析了各灌溉处理条件下的稻田土壤含盐量在水稻各生育期的动态变化规律和允许初始土壤含盐量阈值.结果表明:控制灌溉及控制灌溉加淋洗条件下,各水稻生育期土壤含盐量均有不同程度降低,随着淋洗水量的增加土壤含盐量逐渐降低,并获得了不同灌溉方式下的允许稻田初始土壤含盐量阈值.此结论对实际应用有指导意义.     

无烟煤熔融盐催化气化反应特性研究

根据煤催化气化原理及熔融盐特性,设计了一套小型熔融盐催化煤气化实验装置。针对无烟煤燃烧特性差的特点,在实验中研究了温度和二氧化碳流量对气化结果的影响,并对影响机理进行分析。     

Corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel separator for molten carbonate fuel cell

STS310S and SC-STS310S (simultaneously co-deposited chromium and aluminum onto 310S austenitic stainless steel substrate by pack-cementation process) were used as separator materials on the cathode side of a molten carbonate fuel cell. With the STS310S, corrosion proceeded via three steps; a formation step of unstable corrosion product, a protection step against corrosion until breakaway, and an advance step of corrosion after breakaway. The final corrosion product was LiFeO₂ and the loss of mass was 6.5 mg/cm² after a corrosion test of 480 hr at 650°C. The SC-STS310S showed more effective corrosion resistance, however, than did common STS310S. There was especially no corrosion loss on the SC-STS310S after the 480 hr corrosion test. It is anticipated that it will be very useful as an alternative separator on the cathode side off the MCFC in the future.     

三元硝酸熔盐高温粘度的计算

三元硝酸熔盐是一种重要的传热蓄热介质,粘度物性数据对其在工业中应用非常重要.但是由于硝酸熔盐熔点高,腐蚀性强,测试条件苛刻,粘度测量结果偏差较大,故利用计算方法确定熔盐粘度.本文首先通过大量实验数据拟合了纯物质KNO3,NaNO3和NaNO2的粘度,再利用Arrhenius混合规则确定的经验公式计算三元硝酸熔盐的粘度.与前人实际测量值进行比较.结果发现:利用简单经验公式估算的结果与实际测量值比较接近,表明这种熔盐热物性变化受外界影响较小,可以利用Arrhenius简单混合规则确定熔盐粘度.     

Recent development and applications of an optical method for measurements of thermophysical properties

The experimental determination of thermophysical properties has been greatly improved by the introduction of laser technology. The laser beam is used for sensing and also for heating (or exciting) the specimen. The advantage of using a laser beam is most strongly felt in the measurement of the thermal conductivity or the thermal diffusivity, which are some of the most difficult properties to measure. Interesting features of new techniques for investigating various aspects of thermal conductivity in fluids and solids are reviewed. An optical method, the so-called forced Rayleigh scattering method, or the laser-induced optical-grating method, has been developed and used extensively by the present author's group. The method is a high-speed remote-sensing method which can also quantitatively detect anisotropy, namely, direction dependence of heat conduction in the material. It was used for determination of the thermal diffusivity and its anisotropic behavior for high-temperature materials such as molten salts, liquid crystals, extended polymer samples, and flowing polymer melts under shear. Interesting applications of the method were demonstrated also for thermal diffusivity mapping and microscale measurement.Invited paper presented at the Twelfth symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

2—氨基—4—甲氧基—6—甲基均三嗪的合成

着重介绍了2-氨基-4-甲氧基-6-甲基均三嗪的合成方法。     

ADS熔盐散裂靶中子学性能研究

与传统加速器驱动次临界系统（ADS）采用金属靶作为散裂中子靶的设计不同,加速器驱动次临界熔盐堆（AD-MSRs）采用靶堆一体的设计,直接使用燃料熔盐作为散裂中子靶。由于熔盐靶的中子学性能直接影响AD MSRs的能量放大系数、核废物的嬗变和核燃料增殖的效率,所以本研究基于MCNPX程序,详细计算了高能质子轰击氟盐和氯盐两种熔盐靶产生的散裂中子产额、散裂中子能谱、能量沉积分布以及散裂产物等中子学性能,并与液态Pb和铅铋共熔体（LBE）两种液态金属靶进行了对比。计算结果表明,熔盐靶在散裂中子产额上与液态金属靶有一定的差距,但熔盐靶内能量沉积分布的梯度较小,更有利于靶区的热量导出。与液态Pb和LBE靶相比,熔盐靶的散裂产物中包含更多的气体以及高质量数的α发射体核素。     

用熔盐电解法制备超细钨粉

在NaCl-KCl-Na2WO4-WO3熔体中,用熔盐电解法电解氧化钨制取细钨粉和超细钨粉。在电解温度为720℃,阴极电流密度为250mA/cm^2的条件下,得到平均等积圆直径为1．2μm、长宽比为1．6的超细钨粉。在低阴极电流密度时,阴极的电解反应为W^6 放电,在高阴极电流密度时,阴极的电解反应为Na^ 放电。研究了温度、阴极电流密度和Na2WO4的含量对电流效率的影响。     

Effect of selective laser melting on microstructure and properties of AZ91D alloy

Selective laser melting technology is used to manufacture porous and solid AZ91D alloys. The effects of laser power and hatch spacing on the density, blowholes, microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D alloy are studied. The laser power and hatch spacing play a significant role in the density and blowholes of AZ91D specimens. The grains size of specimens increases from 1 μm–2 μm to 8 μm–10 μm from the bottom to the top in single molten pool. Compared with grain size of die‐casting alloy (30 μm), that of selective laser melted gets refinement. There is no significant change in microstructure in the bottom, middle and top of specimens. The micro‐hardness of AZ91D alloy, reaching up to 115.3 HV 0.1, is superior to that of die‐casting alloy (56 HV 0.1). The compression properties of porous and solid specimens reach the degree of die‐casting solid magnesium alloy. AZ91D alloy shows the potential in the application of medical biodegradable materials.     

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Peptidase M24 Superfamily in Triticum aestivum Demonstrates That TaM24-9 Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Response

The peptidase M24 (Metallopeptidase 24, M24) superfamily is essential for plant growth, stress response, and pathogen defense. At present, there are few systematic reports on the identification and classification of members of the peptidase M24 proteins superfamily in wheat. In this work, we identified 53 putative candidate TaM24 genes. According to the protein sequences characteristics, these members can be roughly divided into three subfamilies: I, II, III. Most TaM24 genes are complex with multiple exons, and the motifs are relatively conserved in each sub-group. Through chromosome mapping analysis, we found that the 53 genes were unevenly distributed on 19 wheat chromosomes (except 3A and 3D), of which 68% were in triads. Analysis of gene duplication events showed that 62% of TaM24 genes in wheat came from fragment duplication events, and there were no tandem duplication events to amplify genes. Analysis of the promoter sequences of TaM24 genes revealed that cis-acting elements were rich in response elements to drought, osmotic stress, ABA, and MeJA. We also studied the expression of TaM24 in wheat tissues at developmental stages and abiotic stress. Then we selected TaM24-9 as the target for further analysis. The results showed that TaM24-9 genes strengthened the drought and salt tolerance of plants. Overall, our analysis showed that members of the peptidase M24 genes may participate in the abiotic stress response and provided potential gene resources for improving wheat resistance.