2,4-二氯苯甲醛的合成研究

2,4-二氯苯甲醛是一种白色或近似白色棱柱结晶,是农药、医药、染料和电镀等行业中一种重要的化工原料。研究了2,4-二氯苯甲醛的合成方法。以2,4-二氯甲苯为原料,经芳甲基二氯化和水解两步反应合成得到2,4-二氯苯甲醛,总收率为79.3%。合成路线中氯化反应温度控制在(140±2)℃,氯化单步收率为96.5%。工艺路线具有原料简单、收率高、操作条件易于控制、三废少的特点。     

TiB2 coating formed on nickel substrates by electroplating in molten salt of fluoride

The TiB2 coatings deposited over nickel substrate by electroplating was investigated, which is in molten salt of a fluoride mixture involving KF, NaF, K2 TiF6 and KBF4. Effects of temperature, cathodic current density (Jc) and duration on the coating's formation were examined. The composition, morphology and structure of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the coatings, with black, smooth and uniform appearance, are composed of predominating TiB2 and small amounts of nickel titanium oxide (Ni0.75 Ti0.125 O). The coatings show a nodular morphology and the grain size is dependent on the Jc and ranges about 1 - 10 μm. There is a linear relationship between the coating's thickness and the time of electrolysis within certain duration range. The reduction of the potassium can take place simultaneously with the electrochemical synthesis of TiB2 as the Jc is in excess of certain level. The hardness of the TiB2 coatings is likely to be deteriorated due to the presence of potassium and Ni0.75Ti0.125 O in the coatings.     

氯化物熔盐中Nd^3＋在液体Ga电极上还原的电化学行为

本文利用循环V-A法(CV)研究了Nd~(3+)在液体Ga电极上还原的电化学反应动力学。结果表明,Nd~(3+)在Ga电极上的还原是分步进行的。第一步在较高的电位扫描速度下为扩散控制的可逆电荷传递反应,即Nd~(3+)+e?Nd~(2+);在电位扫描速度较低时,随后的化学反应为第一步反应的控制步骤,即Nd~(3+)+e?快Nd~(2+)+mCl→慢NdCl_m~(2-m)。第二步为不可逆的电荷传递反应,即沉积的金属Nd与Ga合金化,Nd~(2+)+2e→Nd(Ga)。估算了该反应的标准反应速度常数为7.0×10~(-3)cm/s。     

Hot-Corrosion Resistance of a Sputtered K38G Nanocrystalline Coating in Molten Sulfate at 900°C

The hot-corrosion behavior of a nanocrystalline coating of K38G alloy, prepared by magnetron sputtering and cast K38G in molten 75 wt.% Na₂SO₄+25 wt.% K₂SO₄ at 900°C was studied. The coating eliminated internal sulfidation during the early stage of corrosion as a result of the formation of a continuous and compact Al₂O₃ scale. The nanocrystallization of K38G alloy prolonged the incubation of breakaway corrosion and improved the corrosion resistance of K38G. The relevant corrosion mechanism is discussed.     

LiF-KF熔盐溶液热力学性质Monte Carlo法计算机模拟研究

本文用 Monte Carlo法对同离子系LiF-KF熔盐溶液的结构和性质进行了计算机模拟.对各离子间的偏径向分布函数和混合热、位能分布等的计算表明,LiF与KF熔盐混合后,Li~+,F~-离子间平均距离减少,与互易盐系LiF-KCl溶液的模拟结果相似.混合热的计算结果与实测值相当接近。混合热产生的原因:正离子间排斥能减少;正负离子间吸引能减少;负离子间排斥能减少。     

HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION OF PREOXIDIZED Ni-Al ALLOY IN CHLORINE

ＨＩＧＨＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＣＯＲＲＯＳＩＯＮＯＦＰＲＥＯＸＩＤＩＺＥＤＮｉ－ＡｌＡＬＬＯＹＩＮＣＨＬＯＲＩＮＥＨＩＧＨＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＣＯＲＲＯＳＩＯＮＯＦＰＲＥＯＸＩＤＩＺＥＤＮｉ－ＡｌＡＬＬＯＹＩＮＣＨＬＯＲＩＮＥ￥Ｔｕ，Ｊｉａｎｇｐｉ...     

Electrochemical production of Sn-filled carbon nanotubes in molten salts

Sn-filled carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were prepared in situ by electrolysis of graphite in molten LiCl/SnCl2 mixtures. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) investigation shows that the as-made products contain abun-dance of carbon nanotubes and most of them are filled with metal nanoparticles or nanorods. Some nanotubes are e-ven inserted with long continuous nanowires more than several micrometers in length. Selected area electron diffrac-tion(SAED) patterns and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) of the filled nanotubes confirm the presence of Sn inside the nanotubes. The encapsulated Sn was further identified as β-Sn with tetragonal structure. Based on the experimental results, a possible growth mechanism of the Sn-filled nanotubes was also discussed.     

多孔体制备工艺对C/C-SiC复合材料弯曲性能的影响

以针刺整体炭毡为坯体,采用CVD和树脂浸渍／炭化混合法增密制备了4种C／C多孔体,然后熔硅浸渗C／C多孔体制备了C／C-SiC复合材料;研究了不同炭涂层、高温热处理对C／C-SiC复合材料弯曲强度和断裂方式的影响。结果表明：热解炭涂层可减少制备过程中炭纤维的损伤,具有适中的界面结合强度,使复合材料的弯曲强度达到161．5MPa,表现出良好的“假塑性”;适当选择高温热处理工艺可制备弯曲性能较高,具有一定“假塑性”的C／C-SiC复合材料。     

熔融还原冶炼高速钢

对采用白钨矿、氧化钼和钒渣冶炼高速钢进行了热力学和动力学的计算与分析.在熔融还原过程中,CaWO4、MoO3和V2O5将被C、CaC2、Si-Fe、SiC还原.反应过程包括:固-固反应、液-固反应、铁浴反应和液-液反应.WO3还原的限制性环节是WO3在熔渣中的扩散,改善渣流动性,扩大反应界面能加快WO3的还原.用阻尼剂能有效抑制钼的挥发.在20t AC电弧炉上用氧化钨矿工业化生产高速钢M-2成功,产品质量优异.该工艺具有缩短工序、节约资源、降低能耗、提高成品率和改善环境等优点.综合上述功效,每吨M-2钢节约成本1780元.     

双丝MAG焊工艺

双丝MAG焊接具有良好的发展前景，正广泛应用于各项工程领域之中，从其焊接设备的要求、保护气体以及其熔滴过渡控制、焊接过程等几个方面，详细介绍双丝MAG焊的工艺及其特点。