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41.
The hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfers of halide quaternary salts between two immiscible phases in a stirred membrane permeation cell were investigated. The concentration of quaternary salt, temperature, solvent and the four kinds of halide quaternary salts were evaluated to achieve the extractive optimum condition. The diffusivity, overall mass‐transfer coefficients and individual mass‐transfer coefficients were determined and correlated in terms of the conventional Sh‐Re‐Sc relationship. The transfer time of quaternary salts across the membrane and the thickness of the hydrodynamic diffusion boundary layer were determined as well, so as to characterize the extractive phenomenon of quaternary salts between the two phases that is useful in phase‐transfer catalysis. 相似文献
42.
Y. C. Wu Darning Feng W. F. Koch 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》1991,96(6):757-762
Ionic interactions in the two systems NaCl-HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid) and NaCl-MOPSO (3-(N-Morpholino)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid) have been studied in terms of their mutual influence on the respective activity coefficients of each component. Activity coefficients for each component of the two systems and for corresponding buffers are calculated from emf measurements of solutions containing NaCl, the aminosulfonic acid, and its conjugate base in a NalSE/solution/AgCl-Ag cell at 5, 15, 25, and 37 °C. 相似文献
43.
醋酸甲酯在Cs_(1.5)PW/SiO_2催化剂上的水解反应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过改变阳离子的种类与配比,制备了一系列SiO2负载的磷钨酸盐催化剂,考察了制备方法对催化剂性能的影响,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱、环境扫描电子显微镜等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了该系列催化剂对醋酸甲酯水解反应的活性。实验结果表明,Cs1.5PW/SiO2催化剂的活性最好,当Cs1.5PW负载量(质量分数)为30%时,Cs1.5PW的Keggin结构保持完好,没有硅钨酸阴离子形成,Cs1.5PW在SiO2载体上高度分散;在反应温度55℃、反应时间2h的条件下,醋酸甲酯的转化率为35.79%,约为均相磷钨酸催化剂的1.3倍。该催化剂重复使用4次后,醋酸甲酯的转化率稳定在25%;80℃下反应2h,与NKC-9磺酸树脂催化剂相比,醋酸甲酯的转化率提高了5.17%。 相似文献
44.
Ed W.B de Leer 《Water research》1985,19(11):1411-1419
In harbour sediment samples taken near an epichlorohydrin production plant, a series of highly chlorinated ethers and diethers were detected viz. three isomeric bis(dichloropropyl)ethers, several structurally closely related ethers with 9 carbon atoms (C9 ethers), a number of C12 ethers and diethers, and finally several C15 ethers. The formation of this new class of ether compounds can be explained on the basis of the chemistry of the addition of HOCl to allylchloride. After initial addition of Cl−, a reactive intermediate is formed which may react with the product dichloropropanol, to give the C6 ethers, or may polymerize with the starting compound allylchloride followed by reaction with the product, to give the C9, C12 and C15 ethers. 相似文献
45.
46.
复杂区块井筒结盐综合治理技术 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
针对濮城油田部分低渗透、高矿化度复杂断块油藏生产油井结盐严重的特点,通过对油井盐样室内试验,剖析了结盐的原因及影响因素,提出了相应的井筒清、防盐配套新技术,在现场应用取得了良好效果。 相似文献
47.
An oscillating cup viscometer was developed to measure the absolute viscosities of molten metals. Previous experiments established the capability of the apparatus to characterize the viscosities of molten nickel-based superalloys. However, modifications to the instrument and its theoretical analysis were required for reliable measurements on molten aluminum alloys, presumably due to their lower densities and lower viscosities. The theoretical literature for the fluid flow inside an oscillating cup is reviewed, and a working equation without any correction factor is developed for the improved viscometer. Some design parameters of the viscometer that directly affect the accuracy of viscosity estimation by using the working equation are discussed. A special vertical furnace was adopted to uniformly heat a longer cylindrical sample (10 mm inner diameter and 120 mm length) with a temperature difference of less than 2°C over the sample length. The measuring procedure was also improved to get more accurate motion parameters. It is estimated that the working equation and improved instrument provide an uncertainty of less than 4%. In addition, applications and experimental data are presented for pure aluminum and three aluminum alloys: A201, A319, and A356. 相似文献
48.
交联型聚醚聚氨酯的表征、力学性能及其碱金属盐络合物的导电性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)作交联剂与聚乙二醇(PEO-1540)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)反应,得到了具有较好力学性能的交联型聚醚聚氨酯(PEU),该聚合物与LiClO4的结合物具有较高的室温电导率(σ30℃=1.87×10 ̄(-4)S/cm)。采用全反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)对聚合物的结构进行了表征。对聚合物的组成、不同TDI类型及络合盐浓度对聚合物力学性能及其络合物电导率的影响进行了探讨。低度交联聚合物的络合物,其电导率与温度的关系符合建立在自由体积理论上的VTF方程,表明络合物中离子的传导主要是在无定形区域进行,与自由体积有关。 相似文献
49.
A bright electroless Ni-P deposition on AM50 magnesium alloy in a sulfate plating bath was proposed by using direct plating process with non-chromate pretreatment. The electroless Ni-P plating on AM50 magnesium alloy has an admirable appearance and good adhesion. The results indicate that the electroless Ni-P deposition with non-chromate pretreatment has better adhesion than that of zinc immersion coating. Anodic polarization curves indicate that the electroless Ni-P deposition obtained from the sulfate bath has similar corrosion-resistance to that obtained from basic nickel carbonate bath. The deposition process generates less pollutant by a non-chromate plating bath and is suitable for the magnesium alloys manufacture because of its low cost. The hardness of the electroless Ni-P plated AM50 is about HV 720.6 and HV 969.7 after heat treatments at 180℃ for 2 h. The wear resistance of Ni-P plated magnesium alloy specimens is about 5 to 9 times as high as that of bare magnesium alloys. 相似文献
50.
论述了利用液态中锰渣摇包生产高硅锰硅的原理、工艺过程热平衡,并介绍了其操作过程、主要影响因素及所取得的经济、社会效益. 相似文献