一种小波域改进双边滤波的水果图像去噪算法

采用机器人实现水果的自动化精确采摘是现代水果采摘技术发展的基本趋势之一。但由于成像条件以及机器人自身电子电路等因素的影响,使得所获取的图像或多或少存在大量噪声。将小波变换与双边滤波算法有机结合,提出了一种针对水果图像中颗粒噪声的滤波算法。该算法首先对噪声图像实现小波分解,对于各高频子图像,给出了相似像素的基本定义并分别设计出尺寸为5的多方向的相似像素检测窗口;然后根据检测窗口中相似像素的个数与检测窗口全部像素点个数的比值大小,分别采用自适应双边滤波算法和改进加权中值滤波算法加以处理。最后实现小波系数重构。实验仿真结果表明,该滤波算法性能优于双边滤波算法以及小波域双边滤波算法,对于农产品视觉图像、基于流媒体技术设施现场采集的图像处理等领域也具有一定的参考价值。     

A High‐Potential Anion‐Insertion Carbon Cathode for Aqueous Zinc Dual‐Ion Battery

Aqueous dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) are promising for large‐scale energy storage due to low cost and inherent safety. However, DIBs are limited by low capacity and poor cycling of cathode materials and the challenge of electrolyte decomposition. In this study, a new cathode material of nitrogen‐doped microcrystalline graphene‐like carbon is investigated in a water‐in‐salt electrolyte of 30 m ZnCl₂, where this carbon cathode stores anions reversibly via both electrical double layer adsorption and ion insertion. The (de)insertion of anions in carbon lattice delivers a high‐potential plateau at 1.85 V versus Zn²⁺/Zn, contributing nearly 1/3 of the capacity of 134 mAh g^?1 and half of the stored energy. This study shows that both the unique carbon structure and concentrated ZnCl₂ electrolyte play critical roles in allowing anion storage in carbon cathode for this aqueous DIB.     

Highly Porous Materials as Tunable Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reaction

The facile preparation of highly porous, manganese doped, sponge‐like nickel materials by salt melt synthesis embedded into nitrogen doped carbon for electrocatalytic applications is shown. The incorporation of manganese into the porous structure enhances the nickel catalyst's activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution. The best catalyst demonstrates low onset overpotential (0.15 V) for the hydrogen evolution reaction along with high current densities at higher potentials. In addition, the possibility to alter the electrocatalytic properties of the materials from the hydrogen to oxygen evolution reaction by simple surface oxidation is shown. The surface area increases up to 1200 m²g^?1 after mild oxidation accompanied by the formation of nickel oxide on the surface. A detailed analysis shows a synergetic effect of the oxide formation and the material's surface area on the catalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction. In addition, the synthesis of cobalt doped sponge‐like nickel materials is also delineated, demonstrating the generality of the synthesis. The facile salt melt synthesis of such highly porous metal based materials opens new possibilities for the fabrication of diverse electrode nanostructures for electrochemical applications.     

Metal salt modified PEDOT:PSS as anode buffer layer and its effect on power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells

The effects of metal chlorides such as LiCl, NaCl, CdCl₂ and CuCl₂ on optical transmittance, electrical conductivity as well as morphology of PEDOT:PSS films have been investigated. Transmittance spectra of spun PEDOT:PSS layers were improved by more than 6% to a maximum of 94% in LiCl doped PEDOT:PSS film. The surface of the PEDOT:PSS films has exhibited higher roughness associated with an increase in the electrical conductivity after doping with metal salts. The improvement in the physical properties of PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer proved to be key factors towards enhancing the P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. These improvements include significantly improved power conversion efficiency with values as high as 6.82% associated with high fill factor (61%) and larger short circuit current density (∼18 mA cm⁻²).     

Characterization of plasma membrane H+-ATPase from salt-tolerant yeast Candida versatilis

Plasma membrane was isolated from the salt-tolerant yeast Candida versatilis and the ATPase in plasma membrane was characterized. The ATPase was a typical H⁺-ATPase with similar properties to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii enzymes. It was reacted with antibody (IgG) raised against S. cerevisiae plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase. The ATPase activity was not changed by adding NaCl and KCl to the assay solutions, but was increased by NH, especially by ammonium sulfate. In vivo stimulation of ATPase activity was observed by the addition of NaCl into the culture medium, as observed in Z. rouxii. No in vivo activation of H⁺-ATPase by glucose metabolism was observed in C. versatilis cells and the activity was independent of the growth phase, like Z. rouxii and unlike S. cerevisiae cells.     

含钒云母矿的钠化焙烧工艺及机理探讨

本文对含钒云母中五氧化钒的焙烧工艺进行了详细研究 ,并结合实验结果进行了钠化焙烧机理的探讨 ,特别是氧气与氯气在焙烧中的作用以及氧化气氛与氯化气氛的关系。     

选择氯化钛铁矿制取人造金红石

研究了选择氯化钛铁矿制取人造金红石反应的Ｆｅ－Ｔｉ－Ｃ－Ｏ２－Ｃｌ２系平衡图,计算了氧与某些氯化物相互作用的自由能变化,采用“通氧一步选择氯化法”,在钛铁矿原料中配加适量的碳,并往炉内通入相应量的氧气或空气,可以解决选择氯化“自热”反应持续进行的技术关键．对反应参数,如温度、配碳量、物料粒度、氯化时间和通氧量等均进行了实验室、半工业和工业化生产试验研究．研究证明,选择氯化过程的动力学模型是“固体颗粒粒度保持不变的缩核反应模型”,动力学区的活化能为３４．３３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ;扩散区的活化能为０．８０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．试验结果表明,这种选择氯化新工艺具有流程短、产能大、产品质量好、成本低、操作简单等优点．研究开发的无筛板沸腾氯化炉可以长期稳定地连续运转,生产出的人造金红石品位为９２．１０％．经摇床和磁选,品位达到９５％,钛的回收率和氯的利用率都大于９５％,床层单位炉产能达１２．４ｔ／ｍ２ｄ．该工艺和设备已成功地应用于工业生产．     

熔盐电渗法制备代汞 Zn-La 合金电极的可行性研究

在ＮａＣｌ－ＡｌＣｌ３熔盐中,于无保护气氛条件下,用熔盐电渗法进行了锌表面渗镧,并用此技术制备了碱锰电池的代汞锌镧合金电极。ＧＩＴＴ曲线的测试结合相图及ＳＥＭ分析证明形成了五种锌镧合金。利用极化电阻的测定来检验锌合金在４０％ＫＯＨ溶液中的抗腐蚀性能,正交实验结果证明了镧是碱锰电池负极的良好代汞添加元素。     

地下盐穴储气库盐岩热损伤机理

基于变质量热力学原理，建立盐穴储气库注采过程中的工程热力学分析数学模型，给出了单个注气和采气过程中温度和压力随时间变化的解析解，作为数值模拟的边界条件。根据金坛储气库的基本数据和盐岩实验研究参数，利用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件建立单腔盐穴注采过程的温度-应力耦合模型，模拟恒定注采速率下盐腔围岩的拉伸损伤、剪切损伤和膨胀损伤分布情况，研究夹层和热应力对围岩损伤的影响。基于热应力理论，结合模拟结果分析盐穴储气库注、采气过程中围岩的热损伤机理。模拟结果表明：在热应力存在的情况下，夹层的存在促进了围岩损伤的产生，无夹层时围岩无损伤发生，有夹层时围岩存在损伤；注气过程和采气过程的损伤发生位置存在差别：注气过程损伤多发生在夹层附近的盐岩中，采气过程损伤多发生在夹层中；膨胀损伤的范围最广，且损伤范围覆盖了前2种损伤，因此实际生产过程中推荐使用膨胀损伤判据，损伤评价结果更为保守。