Psychological Perspectives on Hate Crime Laws.

Hate crimes are those in which the victim is selected because of his or her actual or perceived race, color, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or national origin. Hate crime laws have frequently been met with objections. Whereas some objections are based in constitutional law, other objections invoke a variety of psychological constructs, including attitude, motivation, behavior, emotion, and intergroup relations. These objections can be illuminated by relevant psychological theory and research. Topics addressed include the measurement of motivation and intent, and distinctions among attitudes, emotions, and behavior. Hate crimes and other crimes are compared in terms of perpetrators, type and degree of violence, psychological and physical trauma suffered by victims, and community impact. Psychologically based defense strategies used by perpetrators of hate crimes are critiqued. Hate crime laws are also discussed in terms of the political and social values they reflect. Finally, research and policy implications are outlined, including implications for prevention and intervention at the individual, community, and law enforcement levels. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Category Learning in Rhesus Monkeys: A Study of the Shepard, Hovland, and Jenkins (1961) Tasks.

In influential research, R. N. Shepard, C. I. Hovland, and H. M. Jenkins (1961) surveyed humans' categorization abilities using tasks based in rules, exclusive-or (XOR) relations, and exemplar memorization. Humans' performance was poorly predicted by cue-conditioning or stimulus-generalization theories, causing Shepard et al. to describe it in terms of hypothesis selection and rule application that were possibly supported by verbal mediation. The authors of the current article surveyed monkeys' categorization abilities similarly. Monkeys, like humans, found category tasks with a single relevant dimension the easiest and perceptually chaotic tasks requiring exemplar memorization the most difficult. Monkeys, unlike humans, found tasks based in XOR relations very difficult. The authors discuss the character and basis of the species difference in categorization and consider whether monkeys are the generalization-based cognitive system that humans are not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

角色身份再造与当前中日关系面临的挑战

角色身份是建构主义理论的重要概念,可以笼统地分为消极性角色身份和积极性角色身份。这两种身份都不是一成不变的,而是随着条件的变化,在双方的互动中不断被再造。一旦新的角色身份被再造,就将会对国家对外行为和国家间关系产生深刻影响。自20世纪50年代以来,中日间的角色身份关系发生了多次变化,不断地被再造。冷战后,中日间角色身份的再造陷入双方自我制造的困境,其根本的解决办法是建立双方的信任,开展良性互动,在此前提下建构一种全新的角色身份。     

Critical State of Granular Materials Based on the Sliding-Rolling Theory

By representing the assembly by a simplified column model, a constitutive theory was recently developed for a two-dimensional assembly of rods. This theory, referred to as the sliding-rolling theory, is extended in this paper to represent the triaxial stress-strain behavior of granular materials. The sliding-rolling theory provides a dilatancy rule and an expression for the slope of the line of zero dilatancy in the stress space. These rules are then combined with triaxial observations to provide a microstructural interpretation of the critical state of granular materials. According to the theory, the slope of the critical state line in the stress space depends on the interparticle friction angle and the degree of contact normal anisotropy. To verify the basic ideas of the sliding-rolling theory, numerical experiments are conducted using the discrete-element method on three-dimensional assemblies of spheres.     

一种电信业务间交互关系处理的算法

为了解决软交换系统提供的电信业务之间的依赖、冲突和相互调用的交互关系,提出了一种处理算法,通过创建3个函数矩阵：依赖关系处理函数矩阵、冲突关系处理函数矩阵、业务间相互调用关系处理函数矩阵,在接收到上报的业务触发消息时进行业务间的依赖和冲突关系的检测处理,在当前业务逻辑实例执行完毕时进行业务间相互调用关系的检测处理。该算法简单、高效、通用性强,提高了开发效率。     

多Agent系统中依赖关系的研究

多Ａｇｅｎｔ系统是分布式人工智能研究的一个重要分支。本文详细讨论了多Ａｇｅｎｔ系统中死锁依赖的性质以及三种解决死锁依赖的方法,为多Ａｇｅｎｔ系统中稳定性和活性的研究提供了有效的途径。     

汉语虚词用法在依存句法分析中的应用研究昝

虚词在现代汉语中占有重要地位,虚词与词序一起构成现代汉语的句法手段,对句法分析有重要的影响。依存句法分析是自然语言处理领域研究的热点,为了提高依存关系的识别效果,该文考虑将虚词用法应用到依存关系的识别过程中。通过对虚词用法的研究,以及对依存句法分析各种依存关系识别情况的分析,发现并列关系与虚词中的连词关系密切。作者在并列关系识别过程中加入连词的用法信息,从而提高了并列关系的识别效果。实验结果表明,包含连词的并列关系的LAS及UAS分别提高了3.43%和2.29%。     

非均匀复合材料板中剪切波传播的研究

基于弹性界层中弹性波干涉理论,采用有效介质法,研究了剪切波在非均匀、纤维随机分布复合材料板中的传播,得到了非均匀弹性介质内的有效波数。通过满足弹性有界层的上、下边界条件,得到了非均匀界层中的频散方程。作为特例,绘出了不同参数下板中的前四阶频散曲线。可以看出,非均匀弹性有界层中的频散曲线和均匀界层中的有很大不同。最后分析了纤维和基体特性比、纤维的体积份数以及板厚与纤维半径比对频散曲线的影响。     

基于本体的异构数据集成方法及其实现

分析了传统异构数据集成中存在的困难,给出一个改进的基于本体的异构数据集成方法.该方法采用本体描述信息源领域中的概念,通过构建语义映射关系,解决数据集成中存在的语义异构问题.     

Virtual human animation in natural language visualisation

Simulation motion of Virtual Reality (VR) objects and humans has experienced important developments in the last decade. However, realistic virtual human animation generation remains a major challenge, even if applications are numerous, from VR games to medical training. This paper proposes different methods for animating virtual humans, including blending simultaneous animations of various temporal relations with multiple animation channels, minimal visemes for lip synchronisation, and space sites of virtual human and 3D object models for object grasping and manipulation. We present our work in our natural language visualisation (animation) system, CONFUCIUS, and describe how the proposed approaches are employed in CONFUCIUS’ animation engine.