Multiphase microstructure and property of low carbon bainite/ferrite steel by quenching and carbon partitioning

The multiphase microstructure and properties of low carbon steel by IQ&PB process under different partitioning temperatures and time were studied by means of SEM, EPMA, XRD and tensile testing. Results show that the microstructures of experimental steel consist of ferrite, bainite and retained austenite. With the increase of the holding time in two- phase region, the C and Mn contents apparently increase in martensite which transformed from austenite, and C and Mn content are 1. 47 times and 1. 16 times than average value of the base. With the decrease of the quenching and partitioning temperature, the volume fraction of the bainite increases, the microstructure is refined, and the content of M/A islands increases. With the temperature and time increased, the volume fraction of retained austenite at room temperature increases, the tensile strength decreases, the total elongation increases, and work hardening behavior occurrs continuously. When the partitioning time is 30min and the partitioning temperature is 400??, the tensile strength of the steel is 1107MPa, the elongation is 24%, the product of strength and elongation reaches above 26568MPa??%.     

A Black-oil Three-phase Model With Capillary Effects

Abstract

The black-oil (BO) model for compositional effect in three-phase compressible flow with capillary pressure is discussed. The compositional framework is used in modeling of a BO that allows extending a BO model to a compositional model and vice versa. A total compressibility condition is defined for saturated and unsaturated cases when the capillary effects are not ignored.     

一种多相异步电机的通用数学模型

多相异步电机在相坐标系下的数学模型存在复杂的耦合,给其分析和控制带来了不便。论文在推导出多相异步电机模型参数计算公式的基础上,在实数域中给出可将这些模型参数对角化的变换矩阵,实现了多相异步电机定子各相、转子各回路的解耦,以此建立一种基于广义dq坐标系的多相异步电机的通用数学模型,并针对不同应用场合给出了该通用模型的优化准则。该模型在建立时考虑了定、转子产生的所有谐波磁场,具有通用性,通过有针对性的优化,结合傅里叶分解及对称分量法,所提模型不仅可以方便地对谐波注入、不对称供电、方波供电等供电方式下的多相异步电机进行仿真分析,而且还可以用于研究某些特定谐波对电机性能的影响。最后,针对一台方波电压供电的9相异步电机进行了仿真分析和实验验证,通过仿真结果与样机实验数据的对比,证明了所提模型的正确性和有效性。     

油气两相流压降计算及其影响因素

多相混输技术在油气田集输系统中的应用日益广泛,其压降计算的准确性对于管网设计有着绝定性的作用。为了研究某油田油气两相流压降的影响因素,结合多相流理论建立了管道的两相流压降模型,并应用PIPEPHASE模拟软件进行计算。利用该模型,计算出该管道的压力参数的变化;在此基础上计算出不同算法的压降变化规律。研究表明:BBM、DR、DUKLER、GRAY、GRYM、XIAO这几种算法的计算误差均≦15%,且BBM算法在产气量增加到一定值后误差会迅速增大,所以该算法需要修正后才可以在大流量情况下使用。     

On estimating the interface normal and curvature in piecewise linear interface calculation-volume of fluid approach for three-dimensional arbitrary meshes

Volume of fluid (VOF) method with its Piecewise Linear Interface Calculation (PLIC) reconstruction algorithm is one of the most popular approaches in numerical simulation of interfacial flows with a wide range of applications in different areas. In an effort to evaluate the similarity of the PLIC-generated planes in comparison with the exact interface, a point-cloud, based on the polygon centers of PLIC planes is extracted, which later is used to form a triangular grid that represents the estimated interface. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the interface geometrical properties based on the extracted triangular grid of the interface. The methods presented in this article, characterized by a higher spatially convergence ratio, are compared with the commonly used methods. The proposed methods are tested for two 3-dimensional general test cases, where an evident improvement is seen in calculation accuracy and spatial convergence of the errors of interface normal vector and curvature.     

原料油汽化特性对催化裂化反应结焦过程影响的CFD模拟

为考察原料油汽化特性影响,在一套百万吨级工业FCC提升管中,基于多相欧拉模型耦合EMMS曳力和传质、油滴汽化和十二集总反应动力学模型,采用三维CFD模拟研究气液固三相流动、汽化、反应、结焦的复杂过程,新开发结焦预测模型定量预测结焦状况,对比研究不同原料油雾化液滴粒径和起始汽化温度下各相和反应组分浓度场、温度场分布和结焦程度。结果表明,模拟方法可较准确预测汽化、反应生焦和结焦过程,不同雾化液滴粒径和起始汽化温度通过流场分布和汽化快慢影响液相油滴汽化率和反应转化率;合适液滴粒径(60 μm)和起始汽化温度(654 K)可提升轻油、汽油、液化石油气目标产品收率并改善结焦程度。     

磁场强化多相介质分离技术进展

概述了国内外基于磁场来强化非均相介质分离的研究进展,对相关的强化方法进行了分析和对比。根据磁场作用的非均相介质类别介绍了不同领域磁场辅助多相介质分离技术、设备及工作原理,如磁选机、涡电流分选机、重介质磁力旋流器、磁盘分离器、磁场辅助分离气-固旋流器、磁流化床等。根据应用领域可简要概括为磁场辅助固体分离（具有不同导磁性的固体）、气-固分离、固-液分离、液-液分离等。总结了磁场分布、磁场与颗粒作用、磁场与流场耦合的模拟方法,为磁场强化多相介质分离提供依据。针对普通设备分离能力存在的瓶颈问题,文中提出应综合考虑磁场与设备操作参数等因素以最大限度提高分离效率,应加强磁场与流场耦合研究并将磁场强化分离领域扩大至非磁性流体。     

Continuous flow characterization of solid biomass in a reciprocating/rotating scraper tube: An experimental study

The performance of reciprocating/rotating scrapers has been assessed in a visualization study of the continuous flow hydrodynamics of air‐fluidized solid biomass under varying conditions of air flow rate and scraping velocities. A combination of low air flow rates and high scraping velocities results in more uniform flow of both types of biomass investigated. Power consumed by the reciprocating action of the scrapers increases with the scraping velocity but typically represents no more than 20% of the overall power consumption at the highest air flow rate applied. We also demonstrate that rotation of the scrapers superimposed on their reciprocating action gives higher flow rate of biomass and better mixing within the bulk solid compared to reciprocating action alone. The application of the reciprocating/rotating scraper technology described in this study represents a viable step forward in developing a continuous, large‐scale process for the microwave‐assisted decomposition of solid biomass to produce bio‐oils. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3732–3738, 2014