Microstructure and properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides prepared by multiple spark plasma sintering

In this study, WC-8Co cemented carbides were prepared by spark plasma sintering. When the samples sintered at 1300℃ were cooled to room temperature, the samples were sintered multiple times at 1250℃. The changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides prepared by multiple spark plasma sintering were studied. The hardness of cemented carbides increased in the first two sintering, reaching 16.5 GPa. However, the hardness decreased seriously in the last two sintering. The attenuation rates of hardness were 6.2% and 2.5% due to the abnormal coarse grains. Furthermore, the crack path along the grain boundary was almost straight, causing a decrease in the indentation fracture toughness of cemented carbides. Additionally, the grains of cemented carbides were abnormally coarsened, and the morphologies of grains became unstable due to multiple sintering.     

高压粉末制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定海洋沉积物中28种组分

常规粉末压片制样是一种简单、高效的绿色环保制样技术,但是应用于某些沉积物样品制备存在样片表面粗糙和粉末容易脱落的问题。实验采用高于常规的压力进行样品制备,建立了X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析海洋沉积物样品中包括硫、氧化钠、氧化镁、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、五氧化二磷、氧化钾、氧化钙、二氧化钛、氧化锰、三氧化二铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、钒、铬、镓、铌、锆、钇、锶、铷、铅、钡、镧、钕和铪在内的28种主、微量组分的方法。探讨了压力为300 kN和1 600 kN时的制样效果,并尝试引入BP神经网络模型利用其非线性拟合能力校正主量组分的基体效应。结果表明,采用1 600 kN压力制备的样片,表面致密、光滑、不龟裂和不掉粉,制样重复性和测试精密度也有较大提高。以55个有证标准物质中17种组分的数据集为训练样本,建立了海洋沉积物样品中主、微量组分的遗传算法-BP神经网络预测模型。按照实验方法对各组分含量相对较低的实际样品连续测试12次,计算得方法的检出限在 0.63～634 μg/g之间;精密度试验结果表明,各组分测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD, n=7)为0.16%～25.1%。方法用于海洋沉积物实际样品分析,其分析结果与国标法的测定结果吻合,能够满足海洋沉积物样品中多种组分准确分析的要求。     

Unique microstructure and property of a 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to upsetting extrusion multiple processing

The microstructure and hardness of a 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to multi-pass upsetting extrusion at ambient temperature were studied. Experimental results indicated that with the number of upsetting extrusion passes increasing, the grains of the alloy are gradually refined and the hardness increases correspondingly. After ten passes of upsetting extrusion processing, the grain size decreases to less than 200 nm in diameter and the sample maintains its original shape, while the hardness is double owing to equal-axial ultrafine grains and work hardening effect caused by large plastic deformation.     

Quantification of secondary structure prediction improvement using multiple alignments

The use of multiple sequence alignments for secondary structurepredictions is analysed. Seven different protein families, containingonly sequences of known structure, were considered to providea range of alignment and prediction conditions. Using alignmentsobtained by spatial superposition of main chain atoms in knowntertiary protein structures allowed a mean of 8% in secondarystructure prediction accuracy, when compared to those obtainedfrom the individual sequences. Substitution of these alignmentsby those determined directly from an automated sequence alignmentalgorithm showed variations in the prediction accuracy whichcorrelated with the quality of the multiple alignments and distanceof the primary sequence. Secondary structure predictions canbe reliably improved using alignments from an automatic alignmentprocedure with a mean increase of 6.87percnt;, giving an overallprediction accuracy of 68.5%, if there is a minimum of 25% sequenceidentity between all sequences in a family.     

Trickle Flow Multiplicity: The Influence of the Prewetting Procedure on Flow Hysteresis

The existence of multiple hydrodynamic studies (MHS) in trickle flow is a well-known phenomenon. It is also known that different prewetting procedures result in major differences in MHS when the hydrodynamic variables pressure drop, liquid holdup and gas–liquid mass transfer are considered. Given a certain prewetting procedure one still has the option to perform flow hysteresis cycles to achieve an even wider variety of MHS. Although numerous studies have been performed on trickle flow hysteresis, none have attempted to decouple the hysteresis behaviour from the prewetting procedure followed. Accordingly there are numerous hysteresis possibilities that have not been investigated. In this work a single liquid and gas cycle were performed for four distinct prewetting procedures described here as a dry bed, a Levec type prewetted bed, Kan prewetted bed (achieved by increasing either the liquid or the gas flow rate until the pulsing flow regime is reached) and a Super prewetted bed. Pressure drop, liquid holdup and gas–liquid mass transfer are the hydrodynamic parameters studied to quantify the various MHS. It is shown that the shape and extent of the hysteresis cycle are strongly dependant on the prewetting procedure. In terms of flow structure, similar hysteresis trends on the Kan Liquid and Super prewetting modes indicate that these modes are hydrodynamically similar. The additional measurement of the hysteresis behaviour of gas–liquid mass transfer proofs that neither holdup nor pressure drop can be used as an indicator of the distribution uniformity.     

域自适应学习研究进展

传统的机器学习假设测试样本和训练样本来自同一概率分布. 但当前很多学习场景下训练样本和测试样本可能来自不同的概率分布. 域自 适应学习能够有效地解决训练样本和测试样本概率分布不一致的学习问题,作为 机器学习新出现的研究领域在近几年受到了广泛的关注. 鉴于域自适应学习技术 的重要性,综述了域自适应学习的研究进展. 首先概述了域自适应学习的基本问 题,并总结了近几年出现的重要的域自适应学习方法. 接着介绍了近几年提出的 较为经典的域自适应学习理论和当下域自适应学习的热门研究方向,包括样例加 权域自适应学习、特征表示域自适应学习、参数和特征分解域自适应学习和多 源域自适应学习. 然后对域自适应学习进行了相关的理论分析,讨论了高效的度 量判据,并给出了相应的误差界. 接着对当前域自适应学习在算法、模型结构和 实际应用这三个方面的研究新进展进行了综述. 最后分别探讨了域自适应学习在 特征变换和假设、训练优化、模型和数据表示、NLP 研究中存在的问题这四个方面 的有待进一步解决的问题.     

多点多板多分型面注塑模具的简化设计

应用锁扣装置、组合拉杆结构，减少导柱数量，简化了多点多板多分型面注塑模具的设计。     

面向ZigBee的视频多描述编码及其传输性能仿真

针对视频码流在ZigBee等不可靠低速无线网络传输时易发生编码信息包丢失而导致接收端无法正确解码这一问题,提出一种基于3D-SPIHT视频多描述编码方案。与传统多描述编码如MDSQ相比,该方案创建的各描述质量平衡,并能通过去除视频帧间冗余来提高压缩比;与国际标准（H.264等）相比,该方案具有算法简单、能够在任意码流截断处解码、码率可连续分级和无明显块效应等优点。实验表明,该编码方案能够较好地应用于ZigBee多信道网络,并在较大压缩比的情况下仍能获取质量较好的重建图像,具有较高的应用价值。     

基于动态射频指纹的调频定位方法

针对调频(FM)广播信号动态变化对定位性能产生较大影响的问题,提出了动态射频指纹的FM定位方法。该方法采用多元线性回归和神经网络方法,根据离线阶段各个参考点和部分较准点的调频广播信号强度的关系,使用在线阶段较准点的信号强度实时估计在线阶段参考点的信号强度。通过这两种方法建立具有自适应能力的动态射频地图,并使用贝叶斯估计方法对目标进行定位。实验结果表明,相对静态射频指纹模型：采用多元线性回归的射频指纹动态映射模型定位误差平均减少9.1%,采用神经网络的射频指纹动态映射模型定位误差平均减少36.3%,有效抑制了射频信号动态变化时变性对定位性能的影响。