锂离子电池固态聚合物电解质研究进展

电解质是制备高功率密度和高能量密度、长循环寿命的锂离子电池的重要材料之一,而聚合物电解质是实现全固态锂离子电池的关键技术.总结近几年来为提高聚合物电解质电导率所作研究的新进展,并提出了今后的研究方向.     

Cycling of lithium/metal oxide cells using composite electrolytes containing fumed silicas

The effect on cycle capacity is reported of cathode material (metal oxide, carbon, and current collector) in lithium/metal oxide cells cycled with fumed silica-based composite electrolytes. Three types of electrolytes are compared: filler-free electrolyte consisting of methyl-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) oligomer (PEGdm, M_w=250)+lithium bis(trifluromethylsufonyl)imide (LiTFSI) (Li:O=1:20), and two composite systems of the above baseline liquid electrolyte containing 10-wt% A200 (hydrophilic fumed silica) or R805 (hydrophobic fumed silica with octyl surface group). The composite electrolytes are solid-like gels. Three cathode active materials (LiCoO₂, V₆O₁₃, and Li_xMnO₂), four conducting carbons (graphite Timrex® SFG 15, SFG 44, carbon black Vulcan XC72R, and Ketjenblack EC-600JD), and three current collector materials (Al, Ni, and carbon fiber) were studied. Cells with composite electrolytes show higher capacity, reduced capacity fade, and less cell polarization than those with filler-free electrolyte. Among the three active materials studied, V₆O₁₃ cathodes deliver the highest capacity and Li_xMnO₂ cathodes render the best capacity retention. Discharge capacity of Li/LiCoO₂ cells is affected greatly by cathode carbon type, and the capacity decreases in the order of Ketjenblack>SFG 15>SFG 44>Vulcan. Current collector material also plays a significant role in cell cycling performance. Lithium/vanadium oxide (V₆O₁₃) cells deliver increased capacity using Ni foil and carbon fiber current collectors in comparison to an Al foil current collector.     

适用于摩托车零件的多层镍电镀工艺

概括目前我国摩托车零件电镀所用镀层组合，对照有关金属覆盖层的国家标准，认为摩托车零件应用多层镍组合，并提供了工艺配方。     

Oxygen reduction on platinum electrodes in base: Theoretical study

Electrode-potential-dependent activation energies for electron transfer have been calculated using a local reaction center model and constrained variation theory for the oxygen reduction reaction on platinum in base. Results for four one-electron transfer steps are presented. For the first, O₂(ads) is predicted to be reduced to adsorbed superoxide, O₂⁻(ads), which dissociates with a low activation barrier to O(ads) + O⁻(ads). Then a proton transfer form H₂O(ads) to O⁻(ads) takes place, forming OH(ads) + OH⁻(aq). The second electron transfer reacts O(ads) with H₂O(aq) to form a second OH(ads) + OH⁻(aq). The third and fourth electron transfers react the two OH(ads) with two H₂O(aq) to form two H₂O(ads) + two OH⁻(aq). All three different surface reduction reactions are predicted to have reversible potentials in the −0.24 V(SHE) to −0.29 V(SHE) range for 0.1 M base and activation energies for the superoxide formation step are close to the experimentally observed range in 0.1 M base for the overall four-electron to water over the three low index (1 1 0) (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) surfaces: 0.38-0.49 eV at 0.35 eV respectively at 0.88 V(RHE). Predicted reversible potentials for forming O₂⁻(ads) are compared with estimates from the experimental literature. The difference between the acid mechanism, where the peroxyl radical, OOH(ads) is the first reduction intermediate, and the base mechanism, where superoxide, O₂⁻(ads) is the first reduction intermediate, is discussed.     

NiFe2O4及添加TiO2的尖晶石的烧结过程

以NiO和Fe2O3为主要原料,通过添加少量TiO2粉末来改善NiFe2O4试样的烧结性能。研究了NiFe2O4和TiO2-NiFe2O4 2种样品反应烧结过程中的热力学及动力学条件,同时利用球模型推导的扩散机制的烧结方程测算出2种材料的烧结活化能。结果表明：NiO和Fe2O3固相烧结过程是固相反应和致密化过程同时进行的。添加质量分数为1％TiO2粉末,当合成温度为1250℃时,TiO2-NiFe2O4样品就已达到致密,其烧结活化能由NiFe2O4样品时的245.36kJ/mol降低为142.71kJ/mol。     

钛合金化学镀镍工艺

采用一种含有氢氟酸的酸性溶液作为活化溶液,对钛合金表面进行化学镀镍。讨论了活化液、络合剂、Ni2 及H2PO2-浓度、缓冲剂及温度的确定。分别介绍了除膜、活化、预镀镍及化学镀镍工艺规范。对该镀镍层的耐蚀性及含磷量进行了测定,并对该镀层热处理前后的硬度、厚度、结合力、氢含量、耐磨损性及表面微观形貌进行了测试与比较。结果表明,采用本工艺可在钛合金表面沉积出70μm左右的镍磷合金镀层,磷含量在8%~11%(质量分数);氢含量可控制在50mg/kg;经200℃热处理1h后镀层硬度达到600HV,镀层与基体结合力好;经350℃热处理1h后镀层硬度达850HV,耐磨损性良好。该镀层可满足航空钛合金部件的要求。     

交流示波极谱滴定法测定电镀液中的微量铅

提出了用交流示波极谱法测定电镀液中的微量铅，并研究了各项试验条件。铅在0．100～10.0mg／mL范围内，标准偏差在0．200％～0．220%之间，相对标准偏差为4．29‰～4．73‰。该法可用于硫酸盐镀锌技术的电镀液中微量铅的分析测定，其加标回收率在98．0％～103％之间，操作简便，测定快速，分析可靠。     

纳米尺寸硫化镍化学增感剂

本文发现了硫化镍纳米粒子对卤化银乳剂的化学增感作用，采用水不溶性的硫化镍纳米粒子作为化学增感剂，与水溶性的硫代硫酸钠增感剂相比，可以在乳剂灰雾增加不大的条件下明显提高乳剂的感光度和反差。     

水扬酸镍的合成表征及结构分析

用流变相反应法合成了Ni(OH)Sal·H2 O和Ni2 (OH) 2 Sal2 ·H2 O。通过元素分析、TG、IR、XRD和磁矩对其结构进行了分析。结果表明两个配合物都属于单斜晶系 ,其晶胞参数为 ,Ni(OH)Sal·H2 O∶a =13.1179,b =11.36 41,c =9.5 6 0 5 ,β =92 .96 2 ,V =14 2 3.31(97) 3,Z =7,Dcalcd .=1.885 g/cm3,Dexpt=1.85 8g/cm3;Ni2 (OH) 2 Sal2 ·H2 O :a =13.12 17,b =11.35 80 ,c =9.5 5 2 2 ,β =92 .978 ,V =14 2 1.72 (95 ) 3,Z =4 ,Dcalc=2 .0 73g/cm3,Dexp=2 .0 0 0 g/cm3。     

Role of Acetic Acid Added to the Reaction Media for the Enantio-differentiating Hydrogenation of Methyl Acetoacetate Over a Tartaric Acid-modified Nickel Catalyst

The role of acetic acid added to the reaction media for the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate over a (R,R)-tartaric acid-in-situ-modified nickel catalyst was studied from the viewpoint of the hydrogenation rate during repeated runs. The hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate on the “enantio-differentiating sites” of a tartaric acid-modified nickel catalyst was specifically accelerated by the acetic acid added to the reaction media to increase the enantio-differentiating ability of the catalyst. In order to increase the enantio-differentiating ability, the addition of acetic acid to the reaction media was required in each run during the repeated use of the catalyst.