我国区域差距的客观性与区域协调发展

区域差距在世界各国经济发展过程中是普遍存在的。本文从我国区域差距现状出发,以区域经济发展理论为基础,联系中国实际,分析了我国区域差距存在的客观性。并在此基础上提出,尽管区域差距的存在有其客观性,但是区域差距的不断扩大会使我国社会、经济持续发展风险增大,对国家稳定构成威胁。而此时作为各区域利益代表的政府,应当充分发挥其“看得见的手”的作用,缩小区域差距,促进区域协调发展,加快社会主义和谐社会建设的进程。     

试论社会规律客观性观点的确立

确立社会规律客观性的观点，关键在于说明社会历史发展过程中人的活动的介入，人的意志、自由等与社会规律的关系。社会规律是社会主体运动的规律，不是社会主体观的规律，它的存在不以主体意志为转移。     

古诗英译中意境美的再现——以翻译美学为视角

翻译与美学的结合已成为翻译研究的一种方向。在翻译美学理论的指导下,从审美主体,审美客体、审美再现三方面论述中国古典诗歌中的意境美如何在英译中得到完美呈现。     

基于PP模型的喷墨打印纸质量评价

目的为了对喷墨打印纸的质量进行客观评价,对7种不同的打印纸客观性数据进行分析。方法利用不同高光泽彩色喷墨打印纸的客观性数据,通过Matlab软件进行分析,建立投影寻踪(PP)模型,得出投影值及最佳投影方向后,进行综合评价。结果 7种打印纸的投影值即打印纸的质量分别为(0.7775,1.6099, 0.5813, 0.5717, 1.2935, 0.5401, 0.5798),说明2#打印纸的质量最好,6#打印纸的质量最差;评价指标的最佳投影方向为(0.7372, 0.0601, 0.0073, 0.3228, 0.4980, 0.051 23, 0.2246, 0.2114, 0.0575),排序为色密度墨点圆度色域面积墨色均匀性彩色线条的渗色印刷反差阶调复制曲线斜率文本面积线宽色差。表明在指标体系中色密度对打印纸的质量影响最大,在评价打印纸质量时,可将色密度作为优先评价的参数指标。结论基于投影寻踪模型得到的投影值大小排序结果与灰评估模型计算得出的关联度大小排序结果相一致。     

Neither objective nor subjective

In journalism subjectivity is not the binary opposite of objectivity. The protagonists on both sides of the Cold War propaganda war were engaged in neither objective nor subjective journalism. While Western journalists working in the trenches of the Cold War at Radio Free Europe or Voice of America used the “mimicry of objectivism” and the “aura of objectivity” as their weapons to counter political propaganda from the East, journalists behind the Iron Curtain were consciously and proudly committed to direct propaganda as the only effective way of intervening in the affairs of the world. This introductory essay suggests a historical frame for interpreting the different practices of the two sides. The three papers that follow this introduction, all based on detailed archival work, analyze different aspects of the unprecedented propaganda Cold War. This war was fought under a serious constraint: the grave shortage of information from the opposing side. Working under conditions of uncertainty, reliable information was substituted by either self‐delusion, wild fantasies, hearsay, lies, or unjustifiable trust in unreliable information. The papers attempt to bring the reader closer to an era that seems to be the opposite of ours: instead of an information deluge, propagandists, pundits, and analysts of the Cold War were forced to live with a dearth of information.     

饱和土弹塑性理论的数理基础——纪念黄文熙教授

大量土工问题是具有不规则甚至不确定边界条件的多维问题,面临的荷载不仅限于明确定义的单调荷载,还包括时变与随机往复荷载。而土作为一种天然材料,其力学行为极为复杂。多相性、非均质性、各向异性、非线性、加载路径与历史的影响、压力敏感性、体积变形与剪切变形的强耦合等等均为岩土工程师们通常面临和需要处理的问题。当太沙基在80年前以他的划时代的有效应力原理奠定现代土力学基础时,现代计算技术与相应的基础理论并不存在。因而除个别问题如一维固结问题与渗流问题在适度简化后存在解析解外,大量问题的处理必须基于高度简化的面向问题的集总参数模型。这些模型结合工程师的经验对传统土工结构往往能给出合理的或保守的强度指标,但很少能提高和深化我们对问题的内在认识,而且在面对许多现代新型土工结构时,这些传统方法往往显得力不从心。自20世纪中期以来,在应用力学领域内有着一系列重要发展：多相连续介质理论与塑性本构理论趋于成熟,有限元与差分计算方法已成为通用的偏微分场方程求解器,数字计算设备的能力也已获几何级数的提高。以临界状态理论为标志土力学本身也有着重要发展。这一切发展已有可能将土力学的问题纳入一个统一的理论框架内予以系统的处理,而且事实上许多土力学与岩土工程的研究及分析也已在不同程度上基于这样的一个框架,而其中土的本构模型是一个关键。笔者力图从基本的物理和数学原理出发来勾划出一个土弹塑性本构理论框架,其大部分内容都来自经典文献。为避免不确定性,以太沙基有效应力原理为前提,所以该框架仅对饱和土有效。     

非局部损伤模型的客观性研究

为了解非局部模型在模拟应变软化现象时的客观性,文中首先介绍了几种常用的非局部模型,而后针对一个受拉杆问题,采用解析方法研究这些非局部模型能否解决进行应变软化问题数值模拟时存在的两个问题:网格依赖性和零能量消耗问题,得到了杆端位移关于应力、网格尺寸的表达式,并用图解表明这种关系。发现有的模型能够较好地解决这两个问题,而有些模型却不能克服这两个问题,解答也不能客观地反映结构的实际响应。因此有必要进一步深入研究非局部模型。     

An objective finite element approximation of the kinematics of geometrically exact rods and its use in the formulation of an energy–momentum conserving scheme in dynamics

We present in this paper a new finite element formulation of geometrically exact rod models in the three‐dimensional dynamic elastic range. The proposed formulation leads to an objective (or frame‐indifferent under superposed rigid body motions) approximation of the strain measures of the rod involving finite rotations of the director frame, in contrast with some existing formulations. This goal is accomplished through a direct finite element interpolation of the director fields defining the motion of the rod's cross‐section. Furthermore, the proposed framework allows the development of time‐stepping algorithms that preserve the conservation laws of the underlying continuum Hamiltonian system. The conservation laws of linear and angular momenta are inherited by construction, leading to an improved approximation of the rod's dynamics. Several numerical simulations are presented illustrating these properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Computational aspects of incrementally objective algorithms for large deformation plasticity

A methodology for computationally efficient formulation of the tangent stiffness matrix consistent with incrementally objective algorithms for integrating finite deformation kinematics and with closest point projection algorithms for integrating material response is developed in the context of finite deformation plasticity. Numerical experiments illustrate an excellent performance of the proposed formulation in comparison with other algorithms. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.