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41.
This study investigated the role of the criterion in determining the transparency of a scoring key. When college students (N = 55) were instructed to fake a life history questionnaire, they were able to do so, but a scoring key empirically derived from a subjective criterion of creativity (ratings) was more transparent than one based upon an objective criterion (patent disclosures). It also appeared that prior exposure to the questionnaire facilitated faking on the former key more than on the latter. Also investigated was the possibility that the difference in transparency was attributable to the subjective key having been biased by a fallacious stereotype. To evaluate this possibility, recruiting interviewers (N = 79) filled out the questionnaire as they thought a creative scientist would. As expected, they selected a greater proportion of the item choices thought to be associated with creativity than of those actually demonstrated to be correlated with creative output. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
42.
Scores on a brief personality test for 457 Ss classified in 5 hierarchical management categories (from I-President, V.P., etc., to V-Clerks and Factory Workers) revealed valid hierarchy trends for the traits (poor) adjustment, emotionality, detail and social dominance, and no valid trends for the traits extraversion, drive and objectivity. The criterion of validity of trend was a single classification analysis of variance of the trait scores for the five hierarchical levels giving an F-ratio significant at the .05 level or better. The independence of these trends of age, education and objectivity was also studied. For all the traits there was a substantial and normally distributed dispersion around the mean at every level of the hierarchy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
43.
非局部损伤模型的客观性研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
赵启林  孙宝俊  江克斌 《工程力学》2003,20(5):185-189,162
为了解非局部模型在模拟应变软化现象时的客观性,文中首先介绍了几种常用的非局部模型,而后针对一个受拉杆问题,采用解析方法研究这些非局部模型能否解决进行应变软化问题数值模拟时存在的两个问题:网格依赖性和零能量消耗问题,得到了杆端位移关于应力、网格尺寸的表达式,并用图解表明这种关系。发现有的模型能够较好地解决这两个问题,而有些模型却不能克服这两个问题,解答也不能客观地反映结构的实际响应。因此有必要进一步深入研究非局部模型。  相似文献   
44.
    
Some historians of photography claim that a radical divide exists between analogue and digital photography. At first glance, the analogue photographs of Bernd and Hilla Becher, on the one hand, and digital works of Andreas Gursky, on the other, would seem to confirm this distinction. Closer analysis, however, reveals that the divide between analogue and digital practices is not as strong as it initially appears, and that truth in photography depends on multiple contingent as well as non-contingent factors.  相似文献   
45.
    
We present in this paper a new finite element formulation of geometrically exact rod models in the three‐dimensional dynamic elastic range. The proposed formulation leads to an objective (or frame‐indifferent under superposed rigid body motions) approximation of the strain measures of the rod involving finite rotations of the director frame, in contrast with some existing formulations. This goal is accomplished through a direct finite element interpolation of the director fields defining the motion of the rod's cross‐section. Furthermore, the proposed framework allows the development of time‐stepping algorithms that preserve the conservation laws of the underlying continuum Hamiltonian system. The conservation laws of linear and angular momenta are inherited by construction, leading to an improved approximation of the rod's dynamics. Several numerical simulations are presented illustrating these properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
46.
    
In journalism subjectivity is not the binary opposite of objectivity. The protagonists on both sides of the Cold War propaganda war were engaged in neither objective nor subjective journalism. While Western journalists working in the trenches of the Cold War at Radio Free Europe or Voice of America used the “mimicry of objectivism” and the “aura of objectivity” as their weapons to counter political propaganda from the East, journalists behind the Iron Curtain were consciously and proudly committed to direct propaganda as the only effective way of intervening in the affairs of the world. This introductory essay suggests a historical frame for interpreting the different practices of the two sides. The three papers that follow this introduction, all based on detailed archival work, analyze different aspects of the unprecedented propaganda Cold War. This war was fought under a serious constraint: the grave shortage of information from the opposing side. Working under conditions of uncertainty, reliable information was substituted by either self‐delusion, wild fantasies, hearsay, lies, or unjustifiable trust in unreliable information. The papers attempt to bring the reader closer to an era that seems to be the opposite of ours: instead of an information deluge, propagandists, pundits, and analysts of the Cold War were forced to live with a dearth of information.  相似文献   
47.
大量土工问题是具有不规则甚至不确定边界条件的多维问题,面临的荷载不仅限于明确定义的单调荷载,还包括时变与随机往复荷载。而土作为一种天然材料,其力学行为极为复杂。多相性、非均质性、各向异性、非线性、加载路径与历史的影响、压力敏感性、体积变形与剪切变形的强耦合等等均为岩土工程师们通常面临和需要处理的问题。当太沙基在80年前以他的划时代的有效应力原理奠定现代土力学基础时,现代计算技术与相应的基础理论并不存在。因而除个别问题如一维固结问题与渗流问题在适度简化后存在解析解外,大量问题的处理必须基于高度简化的面向问题的集总参数模型。这些模型结合工程师的经验对传统土工结构往往能给出合理的或保守的强度指标,但很少能提高和深化我们对问题的内在认识,而且在面对许多现代新型土工结构时,这些传统方法往往显得力不从心。自20世纪中期以来,在应用力学领域内有着一系列重要发展:多相连续介质理论与塑性本构理论趋于成熟,有限元与差分计算方法已成为通用的偏微分场方程求解器,数字计算设备的能力也已获几何级数的提高。以临界状态理论为标志土力学本身也有着重要发展。这一切发展已有可能将土力学的问题纳入一个统一的理论框架内予以系统的处理,而且事实上许多土力学与岩土工程的研究及分析也已在不同程度上基于这样的一个框架,而其中土的本构模型是一个关键。笔者力图从基本的物理和数学原理出发来勾划出一个土弹塑性本构理论框架,其大部分内容都来自经典文献。为避免不确定性,以太沙基有效应力原理为前提,所以该框架仅对饱和土有效。  相似文献   
48.
通过对近年来人体脉象客观化的综合分析,指出目前应用信号处理和智能诊断方法对人体脉象研究的局限性和不足,提出采用多模型估计方法应用于脉象识别,综合反映人体脉象的特征信息,并对关键信息参数进行识别,为中医脉象诊断的客观化提供新方法。  相似文献   
49.
胡包钢  赫然  哀晓彤 《自动化学报》2012,38(7):1169-1182
基于信息论度量而系统性地研究了拒识分类中客观评价问题. 定义了客观评价度量为一类无自由参数描述的函数. 该定义是为了从技术上可以简单地判别度量或评价在“客观性”或“主观性”中的归属. 建议了应用并考察24个信息度量. 它们分别来自于互信息、散度、交叉熵的定义. 不同于传统的性能类度量是基于经验公式或用户直觉上的定义, 信息类度量是构建在更为普适的理论基础上. 该类度量可以对二值分类中的“误差类别”与“拒识类别”进行区分, 而不需求人们输入代价信息. 针对拒识分类评价中更为关注的需求, 提出了三个“元度量(meta-measure)”用于考察度量. 由此用户可以在更高知识层面上测评度量的各自优缺点. 应用数值实例比较了24个信息度量. 对其中最优的信息度量进行了在“误差”与“拒识”代价性质方面的解析分析.  相似文献   
50.
图像分割质量的评价是图像分割技术和算法研究的重要环节,在图像分析和计算机视觉中有着重要应用。依据二型模糊集在不精确性描述方面的独特优势,提出一种图像分割评判指标的二型模糊集表示方法,引入两种二型模糊集的模糊性度量作为图像分割质量的评判标准,构建图像分割质量评价模型。模拟实验验证了该模型的有效性和实用性。  相似文献   
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