Lifetime and ageing management of nuclear power plants: A brief overview of some light water reactor component ageing degradation problems and ways of mitigation

The susceptibility and tendency for nuclear power plant (NPP) components to undergo changes in their mechanical and physical properties in the course of the NPP lifetime is generally termed as “ageing”. The light water reactor (LWR) nuclear environment is not a begnign one; it is characterized not only by fast neutrons, which can degrade metallic structures, but also relatively high temperatures of coolant water (around 300°C) which may contain impurities (e.g. sulphate, chloride, peroxides) which can cause corrosion. The hydrodynamical conditions of the coolant in steam generators, for example, can cause thermal fatigue, erosion and corrosion; suspended particulate matter can accelerate erosion processes which can lead to wall thinning and lowering of safety margins. Ageing is, therefore, a very complex mixture of factors concerned with materials, temperatures, times of exposure to environments which vary with time and with respect to chemical composition and flow charactertistics.

The paper describes a few ageing phenomena which can be considered important due to their impact on nuclear safety issues; their influence on economic aspects (availability) of NPP is outlined. Mitigation measures for NPP component ageing problems are given together with recommendations for addressing such issues in NPP now and in the future.     

收尽铁路油槽车底油的措施

介绍了造成铁路油槽车底油收不尽的原因，一是节约意识差；二是设备设施陈旧或维护不够；三是操作不当。提出了增强节约意识，挖掘设备潜力，采用合理的吸油方法的对策。     

设计监理在工程建设中的意义及应用探讨

对我国目前建设工程的监理概况进行了分析,指出推行设计监理是社会经济发展的必然趋势,探讨了推行工程设计监理的意义,就如何做好设计监理工作,详细阐述了具体的应对措施.     

新型清洁压裂液的实验室合成

研制出一种新型的双子季铵盐表面活性剂———N,N-双十八烷基-N,N,N,N-四醇乙基-二溴乙二铵(Gemini-OHAB),对用Gemini-OHAB及其它辅剂配制的新型压裂液体系性能进行了研究。结果表明:该体系具有良好的粘弹性、悬砂性能、低温溶解性以及抗温稳定性能;而且由于双子季铵盐表面活性剂中引入了醇乙基,该新型压裂液体系解决了传统季铵盐类清洁压裂液体系的低温不溶性及高生物毒性,也克服了甜菜碱类清洁压裂液体系抗温性能低的缺点,具有良好的市场应用前景。     

北京城市供水安全及对策研究

“十一五”期间是首都经济社会快速发展的关键时期，也是应对水资源紧缺、保障供水安全的关键时期。确保首都供水安全是北京水务工作的第一要务，北京市水务局针对城市供水存在的主要矛盾和问题，对城市供水水源、水质水量、水厂、管网、设施等情况进行了全面调查，确定了工作思路，并据此提出了保障城市供水安全的目标和措施。     

Increasing testing productivity and software quality: A comparison of software testing methodologies within NASA

Pressure to compress the development life cycle and reduce the duration and resources committed to testing lead to experimentation in testing at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Centerís Software Engineering Laboratory. This study investigates the trend to reduce developer testing and increasingly rely upon inspection techniques and independent functional testing to shorten the development life cycle, improve testing productivity, and improve software quality.An approach is developed to conduct this comparison. In particular, the problem faced by software researchers, having a comprehensive characterization of software projects so similar types may be identified for comparative studies, is addressed using expert opinion.     

浅谈中型企业IT运维管理

文章阐述了建设一支适合本企业IT运维的专业队伍,通过应用IT技术掌控运维队伍,使IT运维业务正常、有序、高效开展的思路,为生产管理服务,提供一个安全、可靠、高效、快捷的信息网络平台。     

论局域网安全内部防范

近些年,随着科技的飞速发展,我国正在逐步迈入信息化的社会,网络改变了人们的工作、生活以及学习的方式。然而,尽管信息产业给人们的生活带来了很多便利,但是也面临很多的风险。在现实生活中,系统随时都遭到病毒的感染或者是黑客的入侵,给人们造成无法计算的损失。现如今,很多单位都已经建立了局域网络,工作人员在局域网中共享单位的内部信息,尽管局域网具有传输速度快、运行稳定等特点,但是局域网的安全保障结构缺少。由此看来,科学、合理的使用局域网显得非常重要。文章通过对局域网相关方面的保护进行了详细阐述,提高局域网内部安全的管理水平。     

妫水河入官厅水库水污染成因及减排措施评估

为保障妫水河入官厅水库入流水质达标,分析水质成因,分步制订水质改善措施。采用MIKE21耦合植物作用的Ecolab生态水质模型,对妫水河下游入官厅水库断面至东大桥断面、支流三里河水域进行模拟。通过对丰水期和枯水期监测数据及模拟结果进行分析,流域上游来流水量及水质、区间污染源及河流湿地等自净作用是影响官厅水库入流水质的主要原因,其中:妫水河入流污染负荷对水库入流水质贡献率最大,丰枯水期氨氮、总磷和总氮的贡献率分别为18.32%～45.76%、9.31%～31.17%和29.34%～67.56%;区间入河污染源氨氮、总磷和总氮削减率分别为19.41%、31.31%和24.94%;丰枯水期河道自净对氨氮、总磷和总氮削减率分别为44.85%～61.29%、51.40%～77.92%和8.40%～23.06%。为改善官厅水库入流水质,在流经城市区的妫水河下游及三里河修建了河流湿地公园,对区域污染源进行截污,使得入库水质可达到Ⅲ类水。为长远确保官厅水库的水质,控制来流水质和加强流域治理是关键,同时营造岸带湿地,对水质改善有积极的作用。研究结果及方法可为水库污染防治及负荷量削减提供理论依据。     

三网融合中的安全风险及防范技术研究

文章分析了三网融合中可能出现的网络和内容安全的隐患,提出了通过认证机制、防护机制、监控机制及信任机制等技术来应对。同时,文章还深入分析了三网融合下信息安全监管问题,提出继续加强融合法律法规建设,适时成立统一融合监管机构,建立融合统一监管标准体系,以及全面纳入信息安全保障体系等一系列三网融合信息安全监管的建议。