Research on encoding and decoding of non-binary polar codes over GF(2m)

Binary Polar Codes (BPCs) have advantages of high-efficiency and capacity-achieving but suffer from large latency due to the Successive-Cancellation List (SCL) decoding. Non-Binary Polar Codes (NBPCs) have been investigated to obtain the performance gains and reduce latency under the implementation of parallel architectures for multi-bit decoding. However, most of the existing works only focus on the Reed-Solomon matrix-based NBPCs and the probability domain-based non-binary polar decoding, which lack flexible structure and have a large computation amount in the decoding process, while little attention has been paid to general non-binary kernel-based NBPCs and Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) based decoding methods. In this paper, we consider a scheme of NBPCs with a general structure over GF(2^m). Specifically, we pursue a detailed Monte-Carlo simulation implementation to determine the construction for proposed NBPCs. For non-binary polar decoding, an SCL decoding based on LLRs is proposed for NBPCs, which can be implemented with non-binary kernels of arbitrary size. Moreover, we propose a Perfect Polarization-Based SCL (PPB-SCL) algorithm based on LLRs to reduce decoding complexity by deriving a new update function of path metric for NBPCs and eliminating the path splitting process at perfect polarized (i.e., highly reliable) positions. Simulation results show that the bit error rate of the proposed NBPCs significantly outperforms that of BPCs. In addition, the proposed PPB-SCL decoding obtains about a 40% complexity reduction of SCL decoding for NBPCs.     

基于像素值排序与块再分的可逆数据隐藏算法

基于像素值排序的可逆数据隐藏算法通过修改图像块中的最大像素和最小像素嵌入数据,但并未充分利用图像块内的每一个像素,从而影响嵌入性能。结合块再分原理,提出基于像素值排序的可逆数据隐藏算法。将原始图像划分为3×3的图像块,计算每一个图像块的局部复杂度。设计12种分块模式将局部复杂度小于阈值的图像块细分为子块A和B。根据子块A和B的不同局部特征分别采用2种不同的扫描顺序读取像素。子块A的像素序列使用次小值预测最小值和次大值预测最大值的方法,获得2个预测误差值,子块B的像素序列利用中值像素连续预测其余4个像素的方法,得到4个预测误差值。在此基础上,利用图像块中预测误差值为0和1的像素嵌入隐藏数据。实验结果表明,该算法在一个图像块中最高可嵌入6 bit的数据,在较低计算复杂度的情况下能够有效提高像素的嵌入性能。     

车联网信息对驾驶员视觉注意与行为的影响

目的探讨不同驾驶情景下车联网信息呈现形式及复杂度对驾驶过程和绩效的影响。方法采用3(信息复杂度:无、简单、复杂)*2(信息通道:视、听)*3(驾驶场景:纵向、横向、转角)多因素混合设计,以驾驶员视觉注意指标、驾驶行为指标为因变量,共招募60名驾驶员,分两组。结果 (1)车联网信息以听觉通道呈现会增加行车稳定性及方向盘控制稳定性,且不会损害驾驶员的视觉注意行为,视觉则相反;(2)信息简单也会增加行车稳定性及方向盘控制稳定性。结论横向与纵向路径以听觉呈现简单信息有利于促进安全驾驶行为,转角路径中应避免车联网信息。     

Perceived production complexity – understanding more than parts of a system

To successfully manage today’s complex production systems it is essential to study operators’ perception of the system. The paper presents perceived production complexity assessed at seven manufacturing companies with the CompleXity Index (CXI) method. While other methods have measured product variants, layout, work content, tools and information items, CXI combines them into three areas. These three complexity areas (Station design, Work variance and Disturbance handling) help to create an understanding of the complex system by visualising how they contribute to complexity, and show the need to support the operators’ ability to handle the varying work.     

Scheduling with agreements: new results

In this paper, the problem of scheduling with agreements (SWA) is considered. In scheduling, this consists of a set of jobs non-preemptively on identical machines subject to constraints that only some specific jobs can be scheduled concurrently on different machines. These constraints are given by an agreement graph and the aim is to minimise the makespan. In the case of two machines we extend two NP-hardness results of SWA with processing times at most three that hold for bipartite agreement graphs to more general agreement graphs. Complexity results of SWA are established in the case of split and complement of bipartite graphs. We also present some approximation results for SWA.     

Common Knowledge and Update in Finite Environments

Logics of knowledge have been shown to provide a useful approach to the high level specification and analysis of distributed systems. It has been proposed that such systems can be developed using knowledge- based protocols, in which agents' actions have preconditions that test their state of knowledge. Both computer-assisted analysis of the knowledge properties of systems and automated compilation of knowledge-based protocols require the development of algorithms for the computation of states of knowledge. This paper studies one of the computational problems of interest, the model checking problem for knowledge formulae in the S5_nKripke structures generated by finite state environments in which states determine an observation for each agent. Agents are assumed to have perfect recall and may operate synchronously or asynchronously. It is shown that, in this setting, model checking of common knowledge formulae is intractable, but efficient incremental algorithms are developed for formulae containing only knowledge operators. Connections to knowledge updates and compilation of knowledge-based protocols are discussed.     

Prioritizing Information for the Discovery of Phenomena

We consider the problem of prioritizing a collection of discrete pieces of information, or transactions. The goal is to rank the transactions in such a way that the user can best pursue a subset of the transactions in hopes of discovering those which were generated by an interesting source. The problem is shown to differ from traditional classification in several fundamental ways. Ranking algorithms are divided into classes, depending on the amount of information they may utilize. We demonstrate that while ranking by the least constrained algorithm class is consistent with classification, such is not the case for a more constrained class of algorithms. We demonstrate also that while optimal ranking by the former class is easy, optimal ranking by the latter class is NP-hard. Finally, we present detectors which solve optimally restricted versions of the ranking problem, including symmetric anomaly detection.     

一种新的大整数乘法算法

为解决超出计算机系统基本整数类型表达能力的整数(大整数)算术运算问题,以基础算法--大整数乘法为研究对象,根据大整数的表示形式与多项式表示形式上的相似性,结合大整数乘法进位与取模的特点,给出了一种关于大整数乘法的多项式算法.其方法与别的方法最大的不同是,虽然是求两个大整数乘法,但整个算法没有使用乘法,只是用加法运算而已...     

Measuring universal intelligence: Towards an anytime intelligence test

In this paper, we develop the idea of a universal anytime intelligence test. The meaning of the terms “universal” and “anytime” is manifold here: the test should be able to measure the intelligence of any biological or artificial system that exists at this time or in the future. It should also be able to evaluate both inept and brilliant systems (any intelligence level) as well as very slow to very fast systems (any time scale). Also, the test may be interrupted at any time, producing an approximation to the intelligence score, in such a way that the more time is left for the test, the better the assessment will be. In order to do this, our test proposal is based on previous works on the measurement of machine intelligence based on Kolmogorov complexity and universal distributions, which were developed in the late 1990s (C-tests and compression-enhanced Turing tests). It is also based on the more recent idea of measuring intelligence through dynamic/interactive tests held against a universal distribution of environments. We discuss some of these tests and highlight their limitations since we want to construct a test that is both general and practical. Consequently, we introduce many new ideas that develop early “compression tests” and the more recent definition of “universal intelligence” in order to design new “universal intelligence tests”, where a feasible implementation has been a design requirement. One of these tests is the “anytime intelligence test”, which adapts to the examinee's level of intelligence in order to obtain an intelligence score within a limited time.     

Parameterized complexity of control problems in Maximin election

Elections are a central model in a variety of areas. This paper studies parameterized computational complexity of five control problems in the Maximin election. We obtain the following results: constructive control by adding candidates is W[2]-hard with respect to the parameter “number of added candidates”; both constructive and destructive control by adding/deleting voters are W[1]-hard with respect to the parameter “number of added/deleted voters”.