铜及其合金抗氧化工艺研究现状与前景

    综述了铜及其合金在广泛应用中亟待解决的的问题-变色过程及机理;分别论述目前防变色工艺中的各种方法及评价抑制变色效果的方法,并对其防变色工艺的发展趋势进行展望.     

浅析壬基酚的产品质量中色泽的控制

通过对壬基酚的生产过程、生产工艺以及其变色因素的分析,为壬基酚的国产化和工艺改造提供了大量实践数据。     

用PFC净水剂处理印染厂废水

用以聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁为主的复合聚合物作净水剂,处理印染废水。并讨论其脱色率、COD去除率及其机理。生产实验中污水COD去除率为70％－90％,脱色率可达96％。     

Photoaging and stabilization of rigid PVC/wood‐fiber composites

Ultraviolet (UV) weathering performance of unpigmented and rutile titanium dioxide pigmented rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/wood‐fiber composites has been studied. The composite samples were manufactured by dry‐blending PVC, wood fibers, and other processing additives in a high‐intensity mixer. The dry‐blended compounds were extruded and compression molded into panel samples. The manufactured samples were artificially weathered using laboratory accelerated UV tests. Composite samples were exposed to 340‐nm fluorescent UV lamps and assessed every 200 h, for a total of 1200 h of accelerated weathering. Each assessment consisted of a visual examination of surface roughness or erosion, a contact angle measurement, a FTIR collection, and a color measurement. The experimental results indicated that wood fibers are effective sensitizers and that their incorporation into a rigid PVC matrix has a deleterious effect on the ability of the matrix to resist degradation caused ultraviolet irradiation. The light stability of these composites could be improved quite efficiently with the addition of rutile titanium dioxide photoactive pigment during formulation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1943–1950, 2001     

二甲酚橙褪色光度法测定水样中的镁

本文作者研究了利用褪色光度法测量水样中微量镁的方法。结果表明:在一定条件下,方法的摩尔吸光系数为1 68×105L·mol-1·cm-1,精密度(RSD)为1 6%,回收率为93%～101%。     

喷气燃料脱色精制中颗粒白土失活加快的原因分析(Ⅱ)--喷气燃料馏分中有色成分的剖析及不同性质馏分油对白土脱色的影响

先用硅胶对大连石化分公司3号喷气燃料馏分油中的有色组分进行吸附,然后分别用二氯甲烷和甲醇两种脱附剂对已吸附有色组分的硅胶进行脱附,得到两种含有色组分的两种溶液.应用红外光谱和色-质联用分析法对富集的有色组分进行了分析鉴定.分析了不同时期喷气燃料馏分油的性质及其对颗粒白土吸附脱色性能的影响.结果表明,大连石化分公司3号喷气燃料馏分油中的有色组分主要成分为C8～C14醇类、酮类、苯酚、甲酚和多烷基酚类及一些多聚体化合物.脱硫醇塔前进料馏分油的性质差异很小,而脱硫醇塔后馏分油的性质变化很大,颜色显著加深.脱硫醇塔操作末期温度高而引起喷气燃料馏分中不稳定组分的氧化转化导致颜色变深.颗粒白土脱色处理赛氏色值高的喷气燃料馏分油明显比处理赛氏色值低的喷气燃料馏分油的效果要好.脱硫醇塔操作不当造成油品恶化是导致颗粒白土吸附脱色失活很快的主要原因.控制脱硫醇塔乃至蒸馏系统操作条件(特别是温度),对延长颗粒白土的使用时间至关重要.     

Activation Mechanisms of Pro-Phenoloxidase on Melanosis Development in Florida Spiny Lobster (Panulirus argus) Cuticle

Phenoloxidase (PO), pro-PO [1] and pro-PO [2], isolated from cuticular extracts of early premolt spiny lobster, resolved into doublets of molecular weights 156, 151, and 96.0, 93 kD, respectively. Trypsin-activated forms of pro-PO [1] and pro-PO [2] were 123 and 83.6 kD, respectively. Apparently melanosis of shell and hyperdermal tissue in lobsters was related to stage of molt. The pro-PO forms were activated in vitro by extracts of molting fluid which is secreted into the cuticle just before molt, and the activated PO co-migrated in SDS-PAGE with the endogenously activated PO. The molting fluid was hypothesized to be the source of the natural activator(s) of pro-PO.     

Review on tropical root and tuber crops. II. Physiological disorders in freshly stored roots and tubers

Tropical root and tubers, including cassava, sweet potato, yams, and aroids, have been reported to show an increase in respiratory activity after harvest and injury and subsequent storage in association with their deterioration. This leads to loss of water and carbohydrate. Cassava roots often show discoloration of the tissue with development of pigments in the xylem vessels (vascular streaking or primary/physiological deterioration). This has been established to be enzymatic in nature. Pruning the cassava stem, leaving about a 20‐ to 30‐cm stub prior to harvest, could delay the onset of primary deterioration. Sweet potato roots and yam tubers show a peak respiratory activity immediately or 1 d after harvest. The respiratory rate, however, declines during the subsequent storage period. Yam tubers show a further increase in respiratory activity at the breakage of dormancy occurring at the time of sprouting. Dormancy in yam tubers has been studied in some detail. Different species of yams vary in their dormancy period, a major factor that accounts for the variation in their storage life. Little information is available on the dormancy of sweet potato and aroids. Tropical roots and tubers exhibit “chilling injury” when stored at temperatures below a critical level. The critical cold‐storage temperatures range between 10 and 15°C for different tropical root and tuber crops.     

基于电纺NiI2/TPU纳米纤维膜的湿敏变色传感器的制备及性能

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)母粒、碘化镍为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备了基于碘化镍/热塑性聚氨酯(NiI2/TPU)纳米纤维膜,将NiI2/TPU纳米纤维膜贴合在聚酰亚胺(PI)基叉指电极上制得湿度传感器.对纳米纤维膜的表面形貌及微观结构进行了表征分析,并研究了该传感器基于颜色变化和电阻电容响应的湿度敏感特性.结果表明,由于碘化镍的颜色变化特性,随相对湿度(RH)从0增加到97％,NiI2/TPU纳米纤维膜显示了从橘红色到黄绿色的颜色转变.此外,该湿度传感器表现出快速的响应/回复时间(0.9 s/9.9 s)、较宽的湿度监测区间(0～97％RH)、较小的洄滞度(0.4％RH)以及优异的稳定性能(>30 d).     

三角枫在干燥条件下的诱发变色过程

三角枫是一种易变色的木材，干燥过程中的变色不易预防；若能使三角枫干燥后得到更为理想的颜色，则可获得更为广泛的应用。通过对三角枫在不同干燥工艺条件下变色过程的研究以及红外光谱与扫描电镜分析，得出了三角枫干燥过程中的最佳诱发变色条件和诱发变色机理。研究结果表明，三角枫在干燥过程中的诱发变色是可行的。三角枫干燥过程的诱发变色机理为：①高温、高湿加速了三角枫中多元酚类物质以及无色花色素与单宁等的氧化反应，使三角枫发生红色变色；②三角枫经饱和蒸汽处理，羟基-OH经氧化转化为羰基-C=O、羧基-COOH、酯基和酮基等，使三角枫发生变色。