Kinetic aspects of dye-transfer inhibition by catalytic oxidation

Dye-transfer inhibition (DTI) during laundering can be achieved by catalytic bleaching of the migrating dyes in the wash-liquor. The rate of the bleaching reaction should be significantly higher than the rate of dye adsorption onto the acceptor fabric. Further, the stability of the catalyst should be high enough in order to bleach dye which is slowly released from colored fabrics during the entire wash-cycle. The performance of three managnese-salen (Mn-salen) complexes as DTI catalysts is discussed in terms of their activity and their stability. It is shown that a very high activity is compatible with a high stability, leading to excellent DTI effects. For less stable catalysts, the performance can be markedly improved by optimizing the catalyst and peroxide concentrations or by formulation in a polymer matrix.     

偏光片变色机理浅析

研究了太阳照射后液晶显示器（LCD）偏光片的变色现象,采用智能型氙灯老化试验机、广角/小角X射线散射结构分析仪（WAXS）、X?射线能量色散谱仪（EDS）和分光光度计等对偏光片的光学性能、耐候性能及表面元素等进行了测试和表征,并探讨了其变色机理。结果表明,105 ℃×1 h的高温测试后,聚乙烯醇（PVA）膜素子中I₃^-紫外吸收峰强度增加1倍;120 ℃×120 h测试后,I₃^-紫外吸收峰强度增加2倍,PVA?I₅^-吸收峰强度减弱,PVA?I₃^-吸收峰强度增加;碘系偏光片变色机理为PVA?I₅^-向PVA?I₃^-转化,随着I₃^-含量增加偏光片颜色逐步变成棕色;变色的碘系偏光片在高温高湿处理后可以恢复到原来的颜色,PVA?I₅^-与PVA?I₃^-之间在偏光片中可以互相转换;偏光片受太阳辐射变色问题与偏光片抗紫外性能及耐高温性能有关;通过优化偏光片原料与制造工艺以提高其中紫外吸收剂含量可以提升其抗紫外性能;增加偏光片中PVA?I₅^-含量以提升其耐高温性能可以解决太阳照射下碘系偏光片变色问题。     

钴基热致变色材料及多变色示温涂层的制备

目的 制备一种在120～200℃内具有多种热致变色行为的不可逆示温涂层,用于快速排查和准确记录电网设备过热故障发生地点.方法 首先以碳酸钴和氯化钴为原料,用简单的溶液法在水中制备了两种钴基热致变色材料.再以有机硅WB300树脂作为成膜物,自制的两种材料和偏钒酸铵作为变色颜料,高速研磨4～5 h,获得变色涂料.通过XPS、XRD、FT-IR和SEM等测试手段对变色材料进行结构和微观形貌表征.于干燥箱加热观察涂层在120～200℃内的热色性,并用色差计和图像处理软件对变色点进行数据化处理.结果 结合XRD、XPS、FT-IR和TG等一系列表征,证明深绿色的三草酸合钴酸钾在130℃变为粉红色的草酸钴,玫瑰红色的磷酸钴铵在180℃变为深蓝色的磷酸氢钴.涂层附着力达到一级,耐冲击性为50 cm未出现涂层破裂,硬度为2H,在120～200℃具有5～6个变色点,并建立了色-温函数模型.结论 成功自制两种钴基热致变色材料.通过配色,成功制备了色差明显的多变色示温涂层,基本物理性能均满足常规涂层国家标准,涂层加热至200℃都变为黑色,不再改变.     

木质素基两性絮凝剂的制备及其用于模拟染料废水脱色处理的研究

以木质素磺酸钙为原料,通过与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚、阳离子化改性,制备了一种木质素基两性絮凝剂LSM,研究了醛胺比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对阳离子化反应的影响;将LSM用于活性艳蓝X-BR、活性黄X-R、活性紫K-3R、活性黑K-BR等4种模拟染料废水的脱色处理,研究了投加量、废水pH对LSM脱色效果的影响以及LSM投加量对废水CODcr的影响。结果表明:当醛胺比为1∶1,羟甲基化反应温度为50℃,反应时间为1.0 h,胺甲基化反应温度为50℃,反应时间为2.0 h时,所得LSM具有较佳的脱色性能;LSM对各模拟染料废水的脱色率均在82%以上,但投加量的增加会引起CODcr的提高,在实际使用中需将投加量控制在适当的范围内。     

Modeling of an external light irradiation slurry photoreactor: UV light or sunlight-photoassisted Fenton discoloration of azo-dye Orange II with natural mineral tourmaline powder

A model for design and scale-up of an external light irradiation slurry photoreactor was developed on the basis of a model for the average light intensity in the photoreactor. In order to assess the design parameters in the proposed model, experiments for UV light or sunlight-photoassisted Fenton discoloration of azo-dye Orange II in water with iron ion eluted from the natural mineral tourmaline powder containing 4.49 wt% Fe₂O₃ were conducted using an external light irradiation cylindrical column photoreactor. The efficiency of discoloration increased as initial Orange II concentration decreased and the tourmaline concentration and UV light intensity increased. It was found that the optimal hydrogen peroxide concentration and pH are and 3, respectively. The proposed model, in which the change of light intensity with degradation time due to the discoloration of Orange II and the light scatter due to solid photocatalysts are taken into account, could simulate the experimental results both for UV light and sunlight irradiation conditions reasonably well. The model is applicable commonly both for UV light and sunlight irradiation. The results will be very useful for designing slurry photoreactors in the treatment of textile effluents.     

HALS及抗氧剂对聚丙烯辐射致色的影响

研究了在辐照条件下受阻胺光稳定剂（ＨＡＬＳ）、各种抗氧剂及ＨＡＬＳ与抗氧剂并用等对聚丙烯（ＰＰ）的黄度（ＹＩ）的影响。实验发现,添加五甲基ＨＡＬＳ的聚丙烯的黄度均小于添加相应的四甲基ＨＡＬＳ的聚丙烯的黄度。当抗氧剂Ｉｒｇａｎｏｘ１０７６和ＰＤＳ并用时,聚丙烯的黄度比单独添加１０７６或ＰＤＳ的聚丙烯的黄度都低。单独添加１０７６的聚丙烯的黄度比添加抗氧剂Ｉｒｇａｆｏｓ１６８或ＩｒｇａｎｏｘＰＳ－８０２的聚丙烯的黄度都小。当ＰＤＳ和Ｉｒｇａｎｏｘ１０７６并用时聚丙烯的黄度小于ＰＤＳ和Ｉｒｇａｆｏｓ１６８或ＩｒｇａｎｏｘＰＳ－８０２并用时的黄度。辐照后聚丙烯的黄度开始随放置时间很快降低,但随时间增加,黄度的变化逐渐减慢,最后基本保持不变。对结果进行了分析和讨论。     

Based on the Study on Preparation and Properties of Co(II) and La3+-Doped TiO2 Electrochromic Film

Abstract

In order to improve the optical properties and coloration effect. Co(II) and La³⁺ doped TiO₂ thin films were synthesized via a sol–gel, by using butyl titanate as precursor on the surface of ITO conductive glass substrate. Several techniques were used to characterize produces. Adopting the Sol-gel technology, [CH₃(CH₂)₃O]₄Ti, La₂O₃, CoC_l2?6H₂O as the precursor, the composite membranes with different molar ratio of Ti, Ti/La, Ti/Co to be prepared on the ITO glass substrate, the optimum technological parameters for preparation of the base material of the electro-induced discoloration glass are determined. The structure and surface morphology optical and electrochromic properties of Co(II) and La³⁺-doped TiO₂ films were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis) DTA-TG analysis. It was found that:

1. The sintering temperature coating number, [CH₃(CH₂)₃O]₄Ti content of the TiO₂ film sample, and the doping category are the main factors that affect the structure and properties of the membrane based material;

2. Using two alcohol amine as chelating agent can effectively inhibit the formation of Ti (OH)₄ precipitation;

3. The properties of the TiO₂ glass film prepared by La₂O₃ and CoCl₂·6H₂O are fine;

4. Materials based on the preparation of a radiochromic film transmittance, high cyclic reversibility, cyclic voltammetry characteristics significantly, the results of the study for the electric induced radiochromic film-based material development and application provide a theoretical and experimental basis.

     

活性染料的太阳光催化脱色降解

在太阳光辐射和pH3.0的条件下,使用草酸铁(Ⅲ)络合物/过氧化氢系统对于水中3种具有双活性基的活性染料进行光催化脱色降解,考察了太阳光的强度和活性染料的浓度对光脱色降解反应的影响,并应用紫外光谱法对染料的光脱色降解反应进行了分析。实验结果表明,太阳光的强度和染料浓度对活性染料脱色降解反应具有决定性的影响作用。太阳光的强度越高,染料浓度越低,越有利于活性染料的脱色降解反应。在晴天(40×103～80×103lux)时,浓度为50mg/L的活性染料在60min几乎完全脱色。活性染料的光催化脱色降解反应属于假一级动力学反应,脱色降解后染料分子中的共轭体系和芳香环结构被破坏。     

Detection of discoloration in thermally processed blue crab meat

This study objectively and quantifiably examined the effect of a series of factors on blue crab meat discoloration. Factors explored include heating process, animal harvest location, and position of meat within a container. A Spectrogard colorimeter was used to collect visual reflectance spectra between 380 and 720 nm. Meat degree of coloration was characterised objectively and rapidly by using lightness (L), red–green (a) and yellow–blue (b) colour values. Results showed that meat became darker with increasing heating process; crab harvest location had significant effect on the lightness of the flesh; and meat that is located in the bottom of a can was darker than that in the top. This study will serve as a baseline for the development of a coloration quality control system. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

毛皮变色效应与渐变效应染色工艺

在分析光致变色原理的基础上筛选具有骆驼峰形反射光谱的染料进行毛皮染色,采用计算机测色技术,检测其在日光、荧光灯、白炽灯下的变色效应。结果表明：市场上现有的染料在不同光源下的变色程度较小,不能为人眼所察觉。通过工艺手段实现毛皮渐变染色,创新性地提出了“双浴渐变染色法”和“双向渐变染色法”,解决了传统渐变染色方法存在的染色坚牢度低或染不透等问题,为毛皮渐变染色向环保型发展创造了新途径。