电子束辐照下铜超微粒子氧化与还原过程的高分辨电子显微镜观察

利用电子显微镜中的电子束对铜超微粒子进行了连续地照射和跟踪观察，结果表明电子束使Ｃｕ与镜筒中的低氧压气氛发生了反应，电子束的辐照使纳米量级的Ｃｕ粒子发生了氧化并被消耗，首先生成一种类非晶膜，然后生成Ｃｕ的晶态氧化物，新生成的Ｃｕ的晶态氧化物，在电子束的进一步照射下，又发生了还原反应，不断地还原为铜     

SiC颗粒增强锌基复合材料硬度的研究

本文研究了热处理条件对ＳｉＣ／Ｚｎ基复合材料硬度的影响，分析了循环等温处理过程中复合材料硬度的变化规律，并讨论了复合材料组分、温度以及热处理条件与该复合材料硬度特性的关系，提出了改善这类复合材料硬度的途径。     

离心铸造梯度功能材料凝固过程中第二相的迁移行为

金属液在离心铸造下将发生第二相质点的径向移动。本文分析了第二相质点的移动规律。     

磁性坡缕石复合材料的制备及性能

以提纯和超细制备的纳米坡缕石矿浆与纳米Fe3O4磁性流体复合,经加热和活化处理后,制备了外包磁性微粒的磁性坡缕石纳米复合材料.当每100 g坡缕石中加入24 g纳米磁性微粒时,磁场对磁性坡缕石纳米复合材料的截留量为90.2%,其磁化率为4.3×10-2.利用化学分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜及磁性能测试等分析手段对磁性坡缕石复合材料进行了表征及磁性能测试,结果表明:所制备的坡缕石磁性复合材料具有高分子靶向药物载体材料的功能,有望成为新型靶向药物载体材料.     

超细碳酸钙颗粒的离心分级

用一种工业型的牒式离心机对粒度小于8 μm的超细碳酸钙颗粒进行湿法分级.采用统计方法研究了与该离心机相关的主要工艺参数,如:离心力强度、牒类型、喷嘴尺寸、分流率和给料速率等.结果表明:这种牒式离心机可以有效地分级质量分数达到40%的微米粒级的物料,并可获得较窄颗粒粒度分布的超微细产品.离心分级效果与所用的主要参数呈经验关系.     

纳米二氧化钛制备方法研究

目前制备纳米二氧化钛粒子的方法很多,在总结归纳的基础上对各种制备方法所具有的特点进行比较,并指出了其优缺点和适用范围以及相关的研究进展.     

中空聚合物微球的制备——种子及核乳胶粒的制备

为了制得具有中空结构的聚合物微球,首先以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为乳化剂,在其用量低于CMC的条件下,进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)的乳液聚合,制备了带羧基的种子乳胶粒.然后采用MMA、MAA和二乙烯基苯为单体进行种子乳液聚合,制备了轻度交联的带羧基的核乳胶粒.该核乳胶粒经过核-壳乳液聚合和适当的碱处理工艺就可成为具有中空结构的聚合物微球.采用粒度仪测定了乳胶粒的直径及其分布,采用TEM对乳胶粒结构形态进行了表征.研究了种子及核乳胶粒制备过程中单体加料方式、乳化剂用量及羧基单体种类等因素对聚合稳定性、乳胶粒直径及其分布以及最终的中空聚合物微球结构形态的影响,确定了制备种子及核乳胶粒的最佳工艺条件.在制备种子阶段,SDBS用量为单体总量的0.5%,采用一次性加入单体的进料工艺;在核乳胶粒制备阶段,以MAA为羧基单体,所有单体采用"饥饿式"加料,半连续补加乳化剂并使乳化剂用量为核单体总量的0.15%时可保持聚合稳定性并保证无新乳胶粒生成.     

二氧化钛等离子喷涂层的结构及性能

700℃、1000℃、1200℃下对纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)粉末进行煅烧,利用大气等离子喷涂(APS)在Q235基体上制备氧化钛纳米结构涂层.运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术对煅烧后的粉料和涂层的显微结构、物相组成进行测试、观察、分析.实验结果表明:1000℃为最佳的造粒温度,适合等离子喷涂的粉末颗粒粒径为30～90μm,流动性较好,着粉率高;涂层物相主要是金红石型TiO2,涂层与基体的结合强度很高,达30.90MPa,涂层硬度为727.95HV.     

Recent Advances in Food-Packing,Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications of Zein and Zein-Based Materials

Zein is a biodegradable and biocompatible material extracted from renewable resources; it comprises almost 80% of the whole protein content in corn. This review highlights and describes some zein and zein-based materials, focusing on biomedical applications. It was demonstrated in this review that the biodegradation and biocompatibility of zein are key parameters for its uses in the food-packing, biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Furthermore, it was pointed out that the presence of hydrophilic-hydrophobic groups in zein chains is a very important aspect for obtaining material with different hydrophobicities by mixing with other moieties (polymeric or not), but also for obtaining derivatives with different properties. The physical and chemical characteristics and special structure (at the molecular, nano and micro scales) make zein molecules inherently superior to many other polymers from natural sources and synthetic ones. The film-forming property of zein and zein-based materials is important for several applications. The good electrospinnability of zein is important for producing zein and zein-based nanofibers for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. The use of zein’s hydrolysate peptides for reducing blood pressure is another important issue related to the application of derivatives of zein in the biomedical field. It is pointed out that the biodegradability and biocompatibility of zein and other inherent properties associated with zein’s structure allow a myriad of applications of such materials with great potential in the near future.     

Some Characteristics of Free Cell Population in the Airways of Rats after Intratracheal Instillation of Copper-Containing Nano-Scale Particles

We used stable water suspensions of copper oxide particles with mean diameter 20 nm and of particles containing copper oxide and element copper with mean diameter 340 nm to assess the pulmonary phagocytosis response of rats to a single intratracheal instillation of these suspensions using optical, transmission electron, and semi-contact atomic force microscopy and biochemical indices measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Although both nano and submicron ultrafine particles were adversely bioactive, the former were found to be more toxic for lungs as compared with the latter while evoking more pronounced defense recruitment of alveolar macrophages and especially of neutrophil leukocytes and more active phagocytosis. Based on our results and literature data, we consider both copper solubilization and direct contact with cellular organelles (mainly, mitochondria) of persistent particles internalized by phagocytes as probable mechanisms of their cytotoxicity.