The socialization of dominance: Peer group contextual effects on homophobic and dominance attitudes.

Using the framework of social dominance theory, the current investigation tested for the contextual effects of adolescent peer groups on individuals' homophobic and social dominance attitudes. Results from multilevel models indicated that significant differences existed across peer groups on homophobic attitudes. In addition, these differences were accounted for on the basis of the hierarchy-enhancing or -attenuating climate of the group. A group socialization effect on individuals' social dominance attitudes over time was also observed. Furthermore, the social climate of the peer group moderated the stability of individuals' social dominance attitudes. Findings support the need to examine more proximal and informal group affiliations and earlier developmental periods in efforts to build more comprehensive theoretical models explaining when and how prejudiced and dominance attitudes are formed and the way in which they are perpetuated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Role of Classroom Norms in Contextualizing the Relations of Children's Social Behaviors to Peer Acceptance.

This study introduces a social context model within which peer acceptances of prosocial-leadership, aggression, and social withdrawal were examined as functions of the contextual norms of these behaviors. The major postulate of the model is that the extent to which a behavior permeates a social context facilitates peer acceptance of the behavior. Specific hypotheses with respect to classroom and gender as different social contexts were formulated and supported when tested in a sample of 4,650 Chinese middle school students from 82 classes. The discussion emphasizes the theoretical as well as the methodological need for alternative conceptualizations of peer relations that reflect both individual differences and contextual variations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology: Kenneth A. Dodge.

The Early Career Awards recognize the large number of excellent young psychologists. Recipients of this award may not have held a PhD for more than eight years. Three areas of psychology are considered each year. The areas considered for awards in 1984 were human learning/cognition, psychopathological, and physiological. Kenneth A. Dodge was recognized for contributions to the study of childhood precursors of psychopathology; for theoretical and empirical analyses illuminating the development of social competencies in children; and for innovative research relating children's social-information-processing skills to their social status, peer interaction patterns, antisocial behavior, and risk for future deviance. His work's importance is enhanced by its promising implications for early identification and prevention. In addition to a citation, a biography and bibliography of Dodge's works are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

论人本管理及其中国特色

回顾了人本管理理论的产生与发展，阐述了人本管理理论的主要内涵。在论述人本管理的中国特色方百作了一些有益的探索。     

Psychology's Status as a Scientific Discipline: Its Empirical Placement Within an Implicit Hierarchy of the Sciences.

Psychology's standing within a hypothesized hierarchy of the sciences was assessed in a 2-part analysis. First, an internally consistent composite measure was constructed from 7 primary indicators of scientific status (theories-to-laws ratio, consultation rate, obsolescence rate, graph prominence, early impact rite, peer evaluation consensus, and citation concentration). Second, this composite measure was validated through 5 secondary indicators (lecture disfluency, citation immediacy, anticipation frequency, age at receipt of Nobel Prize, and rated disciplinary hardness). Analyses showed that the measures reflected a single dimension on which 5 disciplines could be reliably ranked in the following order: physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, and sociology. Significantly, psychology placed much closer to biology than to sociology, forming a pair of life sciences clearly separated from the other sciences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

谈工程设计单位知识管理框架的构建

在阐述知识管理含义的基础上，论述了工程设计单位实施知识管理的重要性，分析了现阶段我国工程设计单位在实施知识管理中所面临的问题，从知识共享、知识管理文化和激励机制几个方面提出了工程设计单位构建知识管理框架的措施。     

The role of family relationship quality and testosterone levels in adolescents' peer experiences: A biosocial analysis.

Grounded in a biosocial model, this study examines the interaction between adolescents' testosterone levels and qualities of the parent-adolescent and sibling-adolescent relationship in adolescents' peer experiences and contributes to empirical research on the role of biological factors and family socialization processes in adolescents' peer competence and involvement. Participants included 331 adolescents (M=14.68 years of age, SD=1.53) and their mothers and fathers in 173 families. During home visits, data were collected from family members regarding adolescents' family relationships, peer relationships, and psychosocial adjustment; daily time-use data were gathered during a series of 7 nightly phone interviews; and testosterone levels were assessed through saliva samples. Hierarchical regression results revealed that when boys had close relationships with mothers and sisters, testosterone was positively associated with their peer competence and involvement. Discussion focuses on the value of exploring biosocial interactions and highlights the particular importance of boys' relationships with opposite-sex family members in efforts to understand their peer experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

科技奖励评价模型研究

本文用模糊决策理论对科技奖励评价建立数学模型,探讨用该模型进行科技奖励评价的步骤。     

Peer nominations on leadership as a predictor of the pass-fail criterion in naval air training.

After three months of pre-flight training, nine sections of cadets (N=268) were asked to nominate the three best-qualified and the three least qualified for military leadership in their sections. The leadership scores, ACE Test scores, Officer-Like-Qualities grade assigned by officers in charge, and final overall pre-flight average were correlated with a pass-fail criterion of flight training. The leadership score and the final pre-flight average were about equally predictive of the criterion (r of .27 and .28, respectively). The other two measures failed to correlate significantly with the criterion. A rationale for the predictive value of peer ratings for flight training success is suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)