Reticent behavior and experiences in peer interactions in Chinese and Canadian children.

In this study, the authors examined relations between reticent behavior in unfamiliar peer situations and experiences in interactions in Chinese and Canadian children. Observational data were collected from samples of children at 4 years of age in the People's Republic of China and Canada. The results indicated that relations between reticent behavior and peer initiations were similar in the 2 samples. The differences between the samples were mainly in peer responses. Reticent behavior was associated with peer rejection such as overt refusal and disagreement in the Canadian sample but with positive responses such as approval in the Chinese sample, particularly when children made low-power initiations. The results suggest that reticent children in China and Canada may have similar as well as different experiences in social interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

分组P2P网络模型分包传输策略分析

Internet的飞速发展使对等网络(P2P)及其相关领域的研究成为热点,但是当前P2P网络的结构并不完善。文中介绍了几种P2P模型,并在综合这几种模型优点的基础上,针对P2P网络的动态特性提出了一种分组P2P模型。P2P的网络应用在正不断发展,P2P中的一个重要核心思想是分包传输,它所采用的分包算法对于我们开发P2P软件具有重要的参考价值.我们在本文中分析它的分包传输算法,并且结合参考Coolstreaming和沸点网络电视系统中的策略,对在P2P网络中进行视频、音频等多媒体流数据的传输的方法和性能进行分析。     

股票期权的另一个透视角度

股票期权通常被认为是现代企业针对人力资本特性而采用的一种有效人力资本激励方式。从物质资本所有者角度出发对此给出了另一个解释。并对股票期权激励可能造成的负面效应进行了分析。     

同行专家的双向匿名审稿制度辨析

高校文科学报要改革审稿制度，严肃学术纪律和学术规范，就要逐步建立同行专家的双向匿名审稿机制，以杜绝关系稿、人情稿以及学术赝品，努力倡导甘于寂寞、潜心钻研、实事求是、严谨治学的学风。该制度有其特定内涵，但其优劣有待于实践的检验。     

Data Distribution in a Peer to Peer Storage System

This article presents distributions for data storage in a P2P system. In peer to peer storage system we have to face a continuous stream of peer failures. So to insure data durability data are usually disseminated using a dispersal redundant scheme and a dynamic data reconstruction process is used to rebuild lost data. There is an important communication traffic to maintain data integrity. So, it is important to reduce the impact of this reconstruction process on peer. To minimize end user traffic according to the reconstruction process, distribution must take into account a new measure: The maximum disturbance cost of a peer. To begin with, we define a static distribution scheme which minimizes this reconstruction cost based on prime numbers theory. We compare this distribution with the random distribution, the most used in data distribution.This Project () is supported by the ACI GRID CGP2P and the ACI MD GDX.     

IPX协议的结构分析与应用

介绍了IPX协议的特点，分析了IPX协议结构，并在此基础上利用IPX协议实现数据通信的工作原理，最后以一个实例文明IPX协议在数据通信中的应用。     

小型办公局域网的实现

阐述了小型办公局域网的选型、建立以及实现的方法。     

民营企业薪酬管理探讨

薪酬制度是人力资源管理中的一个永恒难题。本对民营企业薪酬管理存在的问题进行了分析，并提出了民营企业薪酬管理的改进思路。     

Validity and reliability of scaffolded peer assessment of writing from instructor and student perspectives.

Although peer reviewing of writing is a way to create more writing opportunities in college and university settings, the validity and reliability of peer-generated grades are a major concern. This study investigated the validity and reliability of peer-generated writing grades of 708 students across 16 different courses from 4 universities in a particular scaffolded reviewing context: Students were given guidance on peer assessment, used carefully constructed rubrics, and were provided clear incentives to take the assessment task seriously. Distinguishing between instructor and student perspectives of reliability and validity, the analyses suggest that the aggregate ratings of at least 4 peers on a piece of writing are both highly reliable and as valid as instructor ratings while (paradoxically) producing very low estimates of reliability and validity from the student perspective. The results suggest that instructor concerns about peer evaluation reliability and validity should not be a barrier to implementing peer evaluations, at least with appropriate scaffolds. Future research needs to investigate how to address student concerns about reliability and validity and to identify scaffolds that may ensure high levels of reliability and validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Validity of peer nominations in predicting a distant performance criterion.

This paper reports the follow-up phase of a study of peer nominations begun in 1955 at the Naval OCS in Newport, Rhode Island. Over 700 trainees completed several peer nomination forms at various stages of training, 1 in particular on "success as a future Naval Officer" (FO). Subsequently, 639 trainees were identified who had gone on to duty as officers for about 3 yr. The average grade they secured on a key portion of the fitness report ratings assigned by their direct superior officers was used as a performance criterion; it had a split-half reliability of .90 In the prediction of this criterion, the FO peer nomination score from the 3rd wk. of training gave a validity of .40 which was as high as that for later FO scores and which was only slightly diminished after academic grades and popularity were partialed. The findings support the use of early peer nominations as a valid supplemental measure in predicting performance after training. (17 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)