热固性塑料造粒新技术

介绍了热固性塑料造粒新技术－－喷雾造粒的特点、工艺,对喷雾造粒产品与筛选造粒、挤出造粒产品的颗粒,性能进行了对比。     

制粒工艺参数对造料过程性能的影响

在实验室制粒系统,通过改变粉料在调质器内的调质效果及制粒机工艺参数,考察了入模水分、辊模间隙及压模孔长径比(L/d)对制粒机的生产率、电耗及颗粒饲料质量的影响.结果表明:在保证颗粒质量的前提下,可通过调控入模水分、辊模间隙和压模孔长径比(L/d)等工艺参数,达到提高制粒生产率,降低电耗的目的.对于含谷物高的配合饲料,制粒的适宜条件是:调质入模水分为15%～16%,辊模间隙为0.7mm,压模孔长径比(L/d)为10.     

制粒与粉碎对肉鸡养分利用率的影响

分别选择10日龄和30 日龄AA肉仔鸡各144只,均随机分成8个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3只鸡。采用粉料和颗粒两种料型,每个料型4个粉碎粒度梯度(378、430、516、590, μm),利用传统全收粪尿法,研究制粒与粉碎粒度对养分利用率的影响。结果表明：肉鸡18-21日龄时,粉料的养分和能量利用率高于颗粒饲料,饲喂粉料时,养分利用率随粉碎粒度(378, 430, 516, 590, μm)的增大而线性增大(P < 0.05),饲喂颗粒料时,养分利用率随粉碎粒度的增大反而线性降低(P < 0.05)。两种料型对粒度变化出现了相反的效应。肉鸡38-41日龄时,颗粒饲料养分和能量的利用率高于粉料,不同粉碎粒度不再影响肉大鸡日粮的养分利用率(P > 0.05)。结论：料型和肉鸡日龄会影响原料粉碎粒度对养分利用率的作用。     

Compaction of flocculated material

The device used in the experiment consists of a flat-bottomed graduated cylinder and a coaxial plunger. A suspension flocculated with chemicals is sedimented after being mechanically worked within the graduate, and the supernatant water is removed with a pipette. The plunger is thrust into the sludge at a constant speed. The sludge is not only compressed but also flows into the annular gap between the plunger and the graduate, resulting in liberation of water. The liberated water is accumulated on the sludge in the annular gap. The “sludge bulkiness” β is used to describe the volumetric proportion of sludge and solids in it. The sludge bulkiness values before and after the “plunger test” are denoted as β_i and β_f, respectively. The values of β_i and β_j have been explored as a function of the time of the mechanical working. As a result, there is a definite time lag between the maximum value of β_i and the minimum value of β_f. The minimum value of β_j is obtained when the sludge consists of “pelleted flocs”.     

高压粉末制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定富钴结壳样品中20种组分

常规粉末压片制样是一种简单、高效的绿色环保制样技术,但是应用于富钴结壳样品制备存在样片表面粗糙和粉末容易脱落的问题.实验探索了高压压片制样技术在富钴结壳样品制备中的应用,建立了X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析富钴结壳样品中Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2、P2 O5、K2O、CaO、TiO2、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni...     

一种重金属废水处理剂的制备及应用研究(2) --颗粒状水处理剂的表征研究

采用滚动制粒的造粒技术制备出性能优良的颗粒状废水处理剂.用X射线衍射（XRD）、富立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、BET比表面积测定和热重分析等多种手段对水处理剂进行了结构方面的测试.结果表明：制备的颗粒状水处理剂去除Pb^2＋能力可达到112.28mg/g,水处理剂的结构与改性的天然磷灰石的结构相比,未发生重大变化,较好的保持了改性的天然磷灰石的各项性能.同时由于添加剂的加入,形成了丰富的孔隙和高强度的粘结体.     

热塑性塑料无熔回收造粒系统及应用

介绍了无熔化的热塑性塑料（特别是塑料薄、胶片,纤维及泡沫塑料等）的回收造粒工艺,新一代塑料无熔回收造粒系统设备及其应用。     

Investigating pellet charring and temperature in ultrasonic vibration-assisted pelleting of wheat straw for cellulosic biofuel manufacturing

Biofuels are only alternative solution for liquid transportation fuels among different kinds of renewable energy. To avoid the competition with the food, cellulosic biomass has been proposed as feedstock for manufacturing of cellulosic biofuels. Costs associated with collection, transportation, and storage of cellulosic biomass account for more than 80% cost of the feedstock. By processing cellulosic biomass into high density pellets, handling efficiency of cellulosic feedstocks can be improved, leading to costs reduction in transportation and storage. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting is a recently developed pelleting method, which can not only produce higher density but also break the lignin shell, to some extent, to increase cellulose accessibility and then increase sugar and biofuel yield. The reported investigations on UV-A pelleting provided little information about the relationship between charring and pelleting temperature under different input variables of pelleting. In this paper, effects of different input variables of pelleting on both charring ratio and pelleting temperature were studied. This paper, for the first time, reported the relationship between charring ratio and pelleting temperature. The obtained results will be helpful in understanding the mechanism of UV-A pelleting and providing guide to control pellet charring for a higher biofuel yield.     

In vitro gas production profiles and fermentation end‐products in processed barley,maize and milo

BACKGROUND: An experiment was carried out to establish whether using a pre‐compacting device (expander) changes the contribution of dry matter (DM) and degradative behaviour of grains of barley, maize and milo pre‐processed by grinding over the different DM fractions (non‐washable (NWF), insoluble washable (ISWF) and soluble washable (SWF) fractions). Samples of the entire concentrate ingredients (WHO ingredients) and their different fractions (NWF, ISWF and SWF) were subjected to three processes (Retsch‐milled (R), expander‐treated (E) and expander‐pelleted (EP) samples) and their fermentation characteristics were evaluated using an in vitro gas production technique. RESULTS: The E process increased the size of the NWF and decreased that of the SWF compared with the R process. The ISWF of R samples was very rich in starch. The maximum fractional rate of substrate degradation and maximum rate of gas production were higher in EP samples than in R samples (P < 0.05). In maize and milo the E and EP processes shifted the pattern of fermentation towards a more glucogenic fermentation, as represented by a lower non‐glucogenic/glucogenic ratio (NGR). In all grains the ammonia concentration (NH₃‐N) and branched chain ratio (BCR) of E and EP samples were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of R samples. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the E and EP processes have the potential to synchronise the fermentation of dietary proteins and carbohydrates and shift the pattern of fermentation towards a more glucogenic fermentation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

宝钢烧结资源综合利用的生产实践

对宝钢烧结采用的OG泥浆、小球及直接配入混匀矿等不同方法综合利用冶金粉尘和副产品的生产实践进行了总结,着重分析了不同冶金粉尘和副产品及其配入方式、用量等对烧结的影响,并对目前存在问题及将来的发展做了初步探讨。