Variation among and within mountain birch trees in foliage phenols,carbohydrates, and amino acids,and in growth ofEpirrita autumnata larvae

Leaf quality of the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp.tortuosa) for herbivores was studied at several hierarchical levels: among trees, among ramets within trees, among branches within ramets, and among short shoots within branches. The experimental units at each level were chosen randomly. The indices of leaf quality were the growth rate of the larvae of a geometrid,Epirrita autumnata, and certain biochemical traits of the leaves (total phenolics and individual phenolic compounds, total carbohydrates and individual sugars, free and protein-bound amino acids). We also discuss relationships between larval growth rate and biochemical foliage traits. Larval growth rates during two successive years correlated positively at the level of tree, the ramet, and the branch, indicating that the relationships in leaf quality remained constant between seasons both among and within trees. The distribution of variation at different hierarchical levels depended on the trait in question. In the case of larval growth rate, ramets and short shoots accounted for most of the explained variation. In the case of biochemical compounds, trees accounted for most of the variance in the content of total phenolics and individual low-molecular-weight phenolics. In the content of carbohydrates (total carbohydrates, starch, fructose, glucose, and sucrose) and amino acids, variation among branches was generally larger than variation among trees. Variation among ramets was low for most compounds. No single leaf trait played a paramount role in larval growth. Secondary compounds, represented by phenolic compounds, or primary metabolites, particularly sugars, may both be important in determining the suitability of birch leaves for larvae. If phenols are causally more important, genet-specific analyses of foliage chemistry are needed. If sugars are of primary importance, within-genet sampling and analysis of foliage chemistry are necessary.     

Effects of individuals' locus of control and computer self-efficacy on their e-learning acceptance in high-tech companies

High-tech companies encounter intense competition in today's global economy. With rapid changes in working environments, high-tech employees must learn quickly and effectively to solve difficult problems and increase their productivity. Many large high-tech companies have recently implemented electronic learning (e-learning) for employee training. However, e-learning systems are expensive and often underutilised. Therefore, understanding the factors associated with acceptance to e-learning are of priority concern. By integrating locus of control, computer self-efficacy and technology acceptance model (TAM) into one model, this study examines the feasibility of the extended TAM to explain employee acceptance of e-learning systems. Data were collected from 223 employees at five high-tech companies located in the Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan. Analytical results indicate that locus of control had significant direct effects on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Computer self-efficacy had significant direct effects on perceived ease of use and behavioural intention to use. Overall, analytical results provide strong support for using the extended TAM to explain user acceptance of e-learning systems. The research and practical implications of findings are discussed.     

高职贫困生人格与心理健康的关系

对高职贫困生的心理健康状况与人格特征进行调查研究,为有效开展心理健康教育,提供科学依据。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对高职贫困生进行调查。结果表明高职贫困生SCL-90各因子分与非贫困生无显著差异,高职女生SCL-90的强迫、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖因子分高于男生,差异有统计学意义。高职贫困生的人格特征总体良好、积极。结论为要有针对性地对高职生开展心理健康教育,建立健全高职生的人格,以提高其心理健康水平。     

中学教师职业倦怠的心理原因分析及对策

教师职业倦怠问题越来越受到国内外教育研究者的关注。研究表明我国许多中学教师对自己所从事的职业产生了不同程度的倦怠。这是由多种原因综合造成的。职业倦怠不仅影响个人的发展,还会引发一些社会问题。故广大中学教师应积极找出问题根源,通过多种渠道消除心理疲劳,克服职业倦怠。     

《秀拉》中的女性身体反抗诠释

托尼·莫里森在其长篇小说中塑造了一位敢于冒险、勇于反抗的黑人女性—秀拉。通过秀拉,作者描述了美国黑人尤其是黑人女性的生存状态,反映了他们与命运抗争所做出的不屈不挠的斗争。本文从女性身体的角度分析她的反抗精神,探讨人类生存的意义。     

地方高校“90后”大学新生人格状况分析与研究——以武汉轻工大学为例

通过本校普通全日制2008级至2012级新生的心理普查,对16883份卡特尔16PF有效问卷与中国大学生男、女生常模,以及校内的差异进行比较,结果显示,16PF各项人格因素均分基本居中值,除男女生的怀疑位于低分,兴奋位于高分,恃强、敢为和女生的乐群、男生的聪慧趋向高分外,与中国大学生男、女生常模存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。第二级因素各项均分基本居中值;应用因素的专业成就与创造能力低分倾向比例高达四成以上;16PF各项因素在校内存在性别、生源和专业之间的显著性差异（P〈0．05）。鉴于“90后”大学新生人格特征的新特点和差异,学校人才培养方案应考虑其健全人格的培养,并按其专业特点予以引导。     

论大学教师修养

大学教师修养是大学教师主体自主自觉长期不断地进行理想人格自我建构的社会实践活动，大学教师理想人格范型为具有德高、学高、情智高、事功高特征的人文与科学大师，是科学（学术）大师，教学大师和思想大师三者的统一体。大学教师修养过程是大学教师主体内化与外化交互作用的过程，也是大学教师主体不断超越现实我、趋向理想我的终身实践过程。进行科学（学术）研究活动、教书育人活动和社会文化批判活动是大学教师修养的根本途径和方式方法。     

论当代大学生的创业人格缺陷及其健全策略

创业不仅是智慧的竞争 ,更重要的是人格的较量。当代部分大学生中存在着创业信念空虚、创业意志薄弱、创业动机错误、团队精神涣散等创业人格缺陷 ,这是社会道德失范、家庭教育失真、学校教育失序和个人心理失衡的结果 ,必须端正培养目标、优化创业环境、强化社会实践、加强自我修养 ,这样才能形成大学生理想的创业人格。     

现代报刊版面设计探讨

随着"注意力经济"的概念被引入报业经营领域。版面设计已经成为报纸塑造品牌形象、扩大市场份额、吸引广告客户、提高经营收入的重要一环。面对激烈的市场竞争、各家报纸纷纷追求"第一眼效应",力求在五花八门、五彩缤纷的报摊上独树一帜。如何以更具个性魅力、更为引人注目的版面包装吸引更多读者的"眼球",激发更多人的购买欲。并以此为报业经营良性循环提供重要的推动力,成为众多报社十分关注的问题。因此,从传播学角度对我国现代报纸的版面设计进行研究,总结经验,剖析问题.科学借鉴,提出思考,都将具有十分重要的现实意义。     

绘画的性格

风格多样的绘画艺术作品向我们展示了其丰富的性格魅力,绘画性格的表象特征揭示和体现着时代的气息与艺术家自身的性格与内涵的构成。其具有不可复制性与唯一性。我们只有以真诚的心去对待画面和艺术,不断提高自身的理论素养,细心体味生活,才能更深入、更贴近艺术的真实和内心自我的真实。