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61.
Gang Li Dan I. Enache Jennifer Edwards Albert F. Carley David W. Knight Graham J. Hutchings 《Catalysis Letters》2006,110(1-2):7-13
The oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde has been investigated in the absence of solvent using zeolite-supported Au
and Au–Pd catalysts. Three zeolites were investigated, ZSM-5, zeolite β and zeolite Y, and these were contrasted with the
titanoslicalite TS-1 and TiO2 as supports. For the Au catalysts the best results are obtained with zeolite β as the support and the conversions were comparable
or better than those observed with TiO2 in terms of turn over frequencies. However, the selectivities observed with the acidic zeolites were lower than the non-acidic
TS-1 and TiO2. This is due to the subsequent reaction of benzaldehyde via acid catalysed reactions to give benzyl benzoate and its dibenzyl
acetal, and, in some cases dibenzylether. Initial catalysts were evaluated with a gold loading of 2 wt% and increasing this
to 4 wt% showed the expected increase in activity, indicating that there is scope to improve the performance of these catalysts.
The most active catalysts were prepared by impregnation and catalysts prepared by deposition precipitation were considerably
less active. Introduction of Pd into the catalyst improved the activity without significantly affecting the selectivity. 相似文献
62.
Using a Debye function analysis, the presence of icosahedral and face centered cuboctahedral gold in a 1 1 ratio has been found in freshly prepared Au/Mg(OH)2 catalyst. The results support earlier studies which suggest the icosahedral form to be more stable at small nanometer sizes. Interactions between the gold and the Mg(OH)2 support appear to be weak, with the gold rapidly coagulating over a period of three months. Re-analysis of the aged sample shows the gold to be mainly in the form of truncated decahedra. 相似文献
63.
Saleh Al-Sayari Albert F. Carley Stuart H. Taylor Graham J. Hutchings 《Topics in Catalysis》2007,44(1-2):123-128
The preparation of Au/ZnO and Au/Fe2O3 catalysts using two coprecipitation methods is investigated to determine the important factors that control the synthesis
of high activity catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide at ambient temperature. In particular, the factors involved
in the preparation of catalysts that are active without the need for a calcination step are evaluated. The two preparation
methods differ in the manner in which the pH is controlled during the precipitation, either constant pH throughout or variable
pH in which the pH is raised from an initial low value to a defined end point. Non-calcined Au/ZnO catalysts prepared using
both methods are very sensitive to pH and ageing time, and catalysts prepared at a maximum pH = 5 with a short ageing time
(ca. 0–3 h) exhibit high activity. Catalysts prepared at higher pH give lower activity. However, all catalysts require a short
operation period during which the oxidation activity increases. In contrast, the calcined catalysts are not particularly sensitive
to the preparation conditions. Non-calcined Au/Fe2O3 catalysts exhibit high activity when prepared at pH ≥ 5. Calcined Au/Fe2O3 prepared using the controlled pH method retain high activity, whereas calcined catalysts prepared using the variable pH method
are inactive. The study shows the immense sensitivity of the catalyst performance to the preparation methods. It is therefore
not surprising that marked differences in the performance of supported Au catalysts for CO oxidation that are apparent in
the extensive literature on this subject, particularly the effect of calcination, can be expected if the preparation parameters
are not carefully controlled and reported. 相似文献
64.
通过间歇式抗高温氧化实验,建立了纯镍电铸层和N i-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层高温氧化动力学模型,分析了电铸层表面和横截面的形貌,测定了电铸层的组织结构。结果表明,N i-ZrO2纳米复合电铸层抗高温氧化性能明显优于纯镍铸层,复合电铸层表面生成的氧化膜晶粒细小且致密,并且该氧化膜较薄,产生的内应力较小,与复合电铸层的黏附性较好。 相似文献
65.
Laura Prati Alberto Villa Francesca Porta Di Wang Dangsheng Su 《Catalysis Today》2007,122(3-4):386-390
The liquid phase oxidation of glycerol with oxygen has been studied using mono and bimetallic catalysts based on Au and Pd metals supported on activated carbon, in order to study the effect of the metal on the distribution of the products and on activity of catalysts. It was found that by using bimetallic catalysts (Au–Pd) a strong synergistic effect was shown. By using a preformed nucleating centre we were able to obtain a single alloyed phase, which allowed us to address the synergistic effect to the presence of alloyed Au/Pd. The advantage of using this latter catalyst lies not only in the high activity but also in a prolonged catalyst life. Although a partial leaching of palladium and assembling of the particles have been revealed by ICP and HRTEM respectively, activity after 10 re-cycles decreased less than expected (about 10%). 相似文献
66.
67.
概括目前我国摩托车零件电镀所用镀层组合,对照有关金属覆盖层的国家标准,认为摩托车零件应用多层镍组合,并提供了工艺配方。 相似文献
68.
Cobalt catalysts supported on silica aerogel have been prepared using sol–gel chemistry followed by drying under supercritical ethanol conditions. Three different loadings of cobalt were synthesized: 2, 6, and 10% by weight. Transmission electron micrographs indicate that the metallic cobalt exists as discrete particles 50–70 nm in diameter for the 2 and 6% loadings. The 10% catalyst shows long needles of cobalt. BET and BJH measurements indicate that the catalysts retain the silica aerogel properties of high surface area (∼800 m2/g), large pore volume (∼5 cm3/g), and an average pore diameter in the mesoporous regime (∼25 nm). The catalysts were evaluated for Fischer–Tropsch activity in a laboratory-scale packed bed reactor. All three catalysts were active with the 10% Co catalyst achieving more than 20% CO conversion which corresponds to a rate of 1.53 g CO per g-cat per hour. The catalysts were selective for the C10+ hydrocarbons with more than 50% of the carbon contained within this fraction. A significant portion of the C9–C15 hydrocarbon product was observed as 1-olefins which reflects the enhanced mass transport within the very porous aerogel support. 相似文献
70.
Ruojun Lao Lihua Wang Ying Wan Jiong Zhang Shiping Song Zhizhou Zhang Chunhai Fan Lin He 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(2):136-144
In this work, we reported the investigation on the interaction between DNA strands self-assembled at gold electrodes and an electron transfer protein, cytochrome c. We observed that cytochrome c exhibited well-defined electrochemistry in both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA films. This suggested that the electron transfer reaction of cytochrome c arose possibly due to the electron hopping along DNA strands rather than wiring along the double helix. We also compared the heterogeneous electron transfer rate of cytochrome c with that of a ruthenium complex, which further confirmed this mechanism. 相似文献