氟铝酸钾共晶铝钎剂的研究

本文研究了在不同结晶条件下制备得到的一系列KF-AlF3共晶产物。使用差热分析法(DTA)测定了这一系列产物的熔点,使用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)确定了各生成物的组成。试验表明,在反应过程中,将结晶温度控制在特定条件下有利于得到主结构为K2A1F5·H2O的氟铝酸钾共晶材料。该材料为铝及铝合金钎焊过程应用的理想状态铝钎剂。     

老卤与氯化钾转化联产氯化钠、硫酸钾

含硝型(硫酸钠)卤水含硝高，通过对K^ ，Na^ ∥Cl^-,SO4^2---H2O四元体系相图进行深入研究，采用老卤与氯化钾联产硫酸钾和氯化钠的工艺，既能生产出无氯钾肥——硫酸钾，又能回收利用老卤、联产纯度达99．47％(质量分数)的氯化钠。     

湿法炼锌除钴锌渣硫酸浸出液中高锰酸钾氧化沉钴热力学分析

锌湿法冶金生产中除钴产出的锌渣尚含有大量的锌钴等有色金属资源,这种渣用硫酸浸出后锌钴等有色金属进入浸出液中,可用高锰酸钾等氧化剂将钴氧化沉淀而从含锌溶液中分离出来.用电极电势理论和能斯特方程对此除钴过程进行了热力学分析,结果表明:高锰酸根的氧化对溶液中杂质Fe2 、Mn2 、Co2 的去除是可行的,可以达到工业生产对杂质的浓度要求;对于N i2 只能进行部分氧化.氧化过程中溶液pH对钴的沉淀效果具有决定性影响,pH低于4时沉淀效果将显著降低.     

Conductometric Study of Some Metal Halides in Glycerol + Water Mixtures

Electrolytic conductivities of potassium halides, KX (X = Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻) have been investigated in 10, 20, and 30 mass% glycerol + H₂O mixtures at 298.0, 308.0, and 318.0 K. The conductance data have been analyzed by the Fuoss-conductance–concentration equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance (Λ⁰), the association constant (K _A ), and the distance of closest approach of ion (R). The association constant (K _A ) tends to increase in the order: 10 mass% < 20 mass% < 30 mass% glycerol + water mixtures, while it decreases with temperature. Thermodynamic parameters ΔH ⁰, ΔG ⁰, and ΔS ⁰ are obtained and discussed. Also, Walden products (Λ⁰η) are reported. The results have been interpreted in terms of ion–solvent interactions and structural changes in the mixed solvents.     

钾及其化合物对黑液水煤浆催化气化的作用

对黑液水煤浆(由造纸黑液(废液)和煤制成)、水煤浆进行了等温和不等温热重试验,发现在1 200℃下,黑液水煤浆焦的转化率较高,气化活性比水煤浆焦提高了68.8%;黑液水煤浆焦的霞石衍射峰值比水煤浆焦高出22.5%;通过计算得到黑液水煤浆焦的活化能为125.44 kJ/mol,反应级数约为0.5,添加催化剂碳酸钾后煤焦的活化能比没有添加的下降了近40%。     

用高锰酸钾滴定法测定奶粉中还原糖时样品处理方法的改进

介绍了用高锰酸钾滴定法测定奶粉中还原糖时样品处理方法的改进,即样品不除蛋白,采用表面活性剂——聚氧乙烯月桂醚增溶后,即可用高锰酸钾滴定法测定奶粉中的还原糖。经试验S=0.29,RSD为1.6%,回收率为99%—101%.该法简单易行,测定结果与原法比较无显著性差异。     

高锰酸钾投量与三氯甲烷生成量的关系

高锰酸钾具有氧化助凝作用,用它替代预氯化氧化地表水中有机物,使加氯点后移,降低三氯甲浣生成量。高锰酸钾投量与水中三氯甲浣生成量有着密切联系。     

Electron-Impact Cross Sections for Ground State to np Excitations of Sodium and Potassium

Cross sections for electron impact excitation of atoms are important for modeling of low temperature plasmas and gases. While there are many experimental and theoretical results for excitation to the first excited states, little information is available for excitation to higher states. We present here calculations of excitations from the ground state to the np levels of sodium (n = 3 through 11) and potassium (n = 4 through 12). We also present a calculation for a transition from the excited sodium level 3p to 3d to show the generality of the method. Scaling formulas developed earlier by Kim [Phys. Rev. A 64, 032713 (2001)] for plane-wave Born cross sections are used. These formulas have been shown to be remarkably accurate yet simple to use. We have used a core polarization potential in a Dirac-Fock wave function code to calculate target atom wave functions and a matching form of the dipole transition operator to calculate oscillator strengths and Born cross sections. The scaled Born results here for excitation to the first excited levels are in very good agreement with experimental and other theoretical data, and the results for excitation to the next few levels are in satisfactory agreement with the limited data available. The present results for excitation to the higher levels are believed to be the only data available.     

Structural Effect of Potassium Sulfamate on Synthesis of Ammonium Dinitramide

Potassium sulfamate (PS) is an efficient starting material for the nitration reaction used in the synthesis of ammonium dinitramide (ADN), which is an environmentally friendly high-energy oxidizer for propellants that does not release chlorine-based compounds. PS is a core structure to form dinitramide, -N(NO₂)₂, by taking NO₂^? from nitric acid. In this work, five test batches of PS were prepared using a few solvents including ethanol, methanol, acetone, isopropanol, and their mixtures. The lab-made PSs matched well with the commercial PS in terms of the chemical structure. The use of acetone led to a high recovery of PS up to 97 w/w% and ultimately contributed to the formation of high-purity and (99.2%) and a high yield (57.3%) that are greater than those for commercial PS (87.3% purity and 31.3% yield). Therefore, we proved that the crystallinity and homogeneity of PS influenced the properties of ADN and the synthesis efficiency.     

提高SnCl_2-TiCl_3-K_2Cr_2O_7法测定铁矿石中全铁含量可操作性的探讨

近年来,我国钢铁工业的迅猛发展,钢铁工业领域的技术也精益求精,不断要求着从业者在自己领域不断发展同时不断创新跟上行业发展的步伐。钢铁企业为了更好的满足社会的需求,需要不断的加大自身的生产能力,而铁矿石作为钢铁行业中最重要的基础原料,所以对铁矿石的需求也越来越大。在进行铁矿石的贸易过程中,随之而来的问题就是对铁矿石进行检测,以确保其含量达标。