最佳管理措施及其在非点源污染控制中的应用

在非点源污染控制中,最佳管理措施(BMPs)采用工程与非工程相结合的分散式综合控制体系,能适应非点源污染的复杂性特点,已在美国、加拿大等成功应用。介绍BMPs的基本概念和非点源污染控制中的BMPs,包括污染源管理、农业用地管理和城市土地规划管理等非工程性BMPs以及滞留式、渗透式、过滤式和生物式等工程性BMPs,提出我国应以建立雨水排放管理制度为重点,推广应用BMPs。     

Review of Best practices in school psychology.

Reviews the book Best Practices in School Psychology edited by A. Thomas and J. Grimes (1985). The practice of school psychology, in one sense, can be described as so diverse that it is only through an integration of all the facets of practice that optimal services can be provided to a school system. This book, a collection of 39 brief chapters, serves as a resource for the professional. It is difficult to go beyond this general statement of purpose because no introduction is provided, regarding either the goal(s) of the editors or the conceptualization of Best Practices that was to be used by the authors. Each chapter does follow a common outline in which a "Brief Overview" of the topic is initially presented, with a "Brief History/Background/Historical Perspective" section, and some "Basic Considerations" also included. A "Best Practices" comments section completes the outline provided for each chapter. The fact that the overwhelming percentage of chapters in this volume was written by academicians (80%) may point out our specialty's failure to foster the scientist-practitioner model of functioning. If nothing else, it is further evidence of the need for increased collaboration between the trainer and the practitioner. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Origins of adolescents' ideal self: An intergenerational perspective.

The present longitudinal study traced the ideal self of 120 adolescents to the ideals that parents hold for themselves and for their children. Ideals were assessed using Q sorts for personality attributes and life goals. After permutation analysis was used to control for random similarity, moderate parent-child ideal-self similarity was evident. Three intermediate transmission steps accounted for this intergenerational similarity: (a) transfer of parents' ideal self to ideals for their children, (b) children's perception, and (c) acceptance of these parental ideals. The last 2 processes related to parenting practices, with parental warmth augmenting parent-child concordance and restrictiveness reducing it. Compared with boys' ideal self, that of girls was more similar to the ideals that parents hold for their children and for themselves. Analyses of patterns over time suggested a growth of ideal-self stability across adolescence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Geriatric Mental Health Policy: Impact on Service Delivery and Directions for Effecting Change.

The treatment of mental health problems in older adults has advanced considerably over the past several decades. Nevertheless, the mental health needs of the nation's elderly population remain substantially unmet. This article identifies the significant but previously neglected role of regulatory policies and administrative practices in limiting the use and provision of geriatric mental health services. Such factors are the least recognized and understood by psychologists, although they are the very factors on which psychologists can have the most potential influence. This article subsequently identifies salient legislative proposals and regulatory developments, while addressing the importance of advocacy on agenda setting and policy change. The final section provides specific proposals and mechanisms at micro and macro levels for improving the geropsychology service system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

丰宁水电站工程建设监理实践

建设监理是我国基本建设领域里为适应经济体制改革的需要，而逐步发展起来的，参照一些国际惯例，借鉴国外成功经验，逐步形成符合我国国情的建设监理模式。为使监理工作更好服务于工程建设，需要在工程建设中不断的总结经验。     

Introduction to special issue.

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of two powerful, and seemingly contradictory, visions of what most fundamentally causes change in psychotherapy. One of these visions emphasizes the primacy of therapist technique. According to this viewpoint, it is the specific methods used by the psychotherapist that account for, by far, most of the variance in treatment outcome. This viewpoint is seen most notably in what have been termed the empirically supported treatments (EST) and evidence-based practices (EBP) movements. The second vision instead focuses on the patient-therapist relationship and so-called therapist-offered relationship qualities as the sine qua non of therapeutic effectiveness. Advocates of this viewpoint underscore research on the importance of relational qualities such as the therapeutic working alliance (or cohesion in groups) and therapist-offered conditions. While acknowledging the value of both visions noted above, this special issue of Psychotherapy is based on the notion that what matters most in psychotherapeutic treatments is the interplay of the two, of techniques and the therapeutic relationship. Technical factors and relational factors are indelible elements in each and every psychotherapy encounter, and the articles in this special issue explore and seek to uncover why this is so. The articles, in addition, seek to describe the complex ways in which technique and relationship interact with one another in different treatments, at different points in treatment, and in conjunction with still other variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Leader training and practices in groups for survivors of childhood sexual abuse.

Little is known about the actual practices of group leaders of childhood sexual abuse groups. A survey of 60 group leaders of CSA groups for children, adolescents, and adults found that most are adhering to ethical and training guidelines. The groups range from psychoeducational and support to counseling and therapy groups. Many of the groups are co-led, especially children and adolescent groups. The article discusses the screening, group structure, and interventions that leaders are using and suggests multiple areas for further research, as well as tips for practitioners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study.

Recently, there has been an emergence of literature on the mechanisms through which parents transmit information, values, and perspectives about ethnicity and race to their children, commonly referred to as racial or ethnic socialization. This literature has sought to document the nature of such socialization, its antecedents in parents' and children's characteristics and experiences, and its consequences for children's well-being and development. In this article, the authors integrate and synthesize what is known about racial and ethnic socialization on the basis of current empirical research, examining studies concerning its nature and frequency; its child, parent, and ecological predictors; and its consequences for children's development, including ethnic identity, self-esteem, coping with discrimination, academic achievement, and psychosocial well-being. The authors also discuss conceptual and methodological limitations of the literature and suggest directions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A new methodology for the identification of best practices in the oil and gas industry, using intelligent systems

In this paper the theory and methodology of “Intelligent Best Practices Analysis” is presented. The methodology is then applied to a database of stimulation practices in the Golden Trend fields of Oklahoma to demonstrate its use and benefits.In the Golden Trend fields of Oklahoma, like many other oil fields, the outcome of stimulation jobs have not been the same for all wells. The effectiveness of the stimulation is a function of several factors including reservoir quality, completion and stimulation practices. Completion and stimulation practices can be further itemized as completion type such as open hole versus cased hole with perforations and the type and amount of fluids and proppants that is used during the stimulation and the rate at which they are pumped into the formation.Detail stimulation data from more than 230 wells in the Golden Trend operated by three independent operators were collected and analyzed using this methodology. The study was performed both for gas and oil bearing formations. The Best Practices Analysis pointed out that in the carbonate formations of the Golden Trend that are primarily gas producing, acid fracs are much more effective than acid jobs (where no proppant is pumped into the formation). For the clastic formations in the Golden Trend, from which both oil and gas are produced, the Best Practices Analysis showed that most effective fluids were those with a diesel oil base. Furthermore the analysis concluded that the formations in the Golden Trend respond best to frac jobs with proppant concentration of 1 lb/mgal/ft or higher that are injected at rates up to 1 gal/min/ft.     

Religiosity/spirituality and health: A critical review of the evidence for biological pathways.

The authors review evidence regarding the biological processes that may link religiosity/spirituality to health. A growing body of observational evidence supports the hypothesis that links religiosity/spirituality to physiological processes. Although much of the earliest evidence came from cross-sectional studies with questionable generalizability and potential confounding, more recent research, with more representative samples and multivariate analysis, provides stronger evidence linking Judeo-Christian religious practices to blood pressure and immune function. The strongest evidence comes from randomized interventional trials reporting the beneficial physiological impact of meditation (primarily transcendental meditation). Overall, available evidence is generally consistent with the hypothesis that religiosity/spirituality is linked to health related physiological processes--including cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and immune function--although more solid evidence is needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)