中国特色社会主义公平正义的实现路径研究

公平正义是人类社会文明进步的重要标志,也是中国特色社会主义的内在要求。目前,深入掌握公平正义的内涵及实质;借鉴中国传统文化、西方文化以及马克思主义中的正义理论的优秀成果;立足我国实际,不断全面深化改革,寻求中国特色社会主义公平正义的实现路径,创造更加公平正义的环境,使改革发展成果更多更公平惠及人民群众,对全面建成小康社会,实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦具有极其重要的现实意义。     

Combined Effects of Reservoir Operations and Climate Warming on the Flow Regime of Hydropower Bypass Reaches of California's Sierra Nevada

Alterations to flow regimes from regulation and climatic change both affect the biophysical functioning of rivers over long time periods and large spatial areas. Historically, however, the effects of these flow alteration drivers have been studied separately. In this study, results from unregulated and regulated river management models were assessed to understand how flow regime alterations from river regulation differ under future climate conditions in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. Four representative flow alteration metrics—mean annual flow, low flow duration, centroid timing and mean weekly rate of decrease—were calculated and statistically characterized under historical and future unregulated and regulated conditions over a 20‐year period at each of the eight regulated river locations below dams across the Sierra Nevada. Future climatic conditions were represented by assuming an increase in air temperature of 6 °C above historical (1981–2000) air temperatures, with no change in other meteorological conditions. Results indicate that climate warming will measurably alter some aspects of the flow regime. By comparison, however, river regulation with business‐as‐usual operations will alter flow regimes much more than climate warming. Existing reservoirs can possibly be used to dampen the anticipated effects of climate warming through improved operations, though additional research is needed to identify the full suite of such possibilities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A test of the design of a video tutorial for software training

The effectiveness of a video tutorial versus a paper‐based tutorial for software training has yet to be established. Mixed outcomes from the empirical studies to date suggest that for a video tutorial to outperform its paper‐based counterpart, the former should be crafted so that it addresses the strengths of both designs. This was attempted in the present study. Two consecutive experiments were conducted to examine the effect of tutorial type (video vs. paper based) on task relevance, self‐efficacy, mood, flow and task performance. Participants were students from junior high school. Both studies reported significant, positive contributions of the tutorials to task relevance, self‐efficacy, mood and flow. Both studies also found significant and substantial effects on task performance. A learning gain of about 30% was achieved in both studies. A retention task, completed only in Study 2, further revealed that the learning effect was stable. More importantly, performance on this task also indicated a significant interaction with tutorial type, favouring the video. The success of the video tutorial is ascribed to its design, which attended to and even incorporated key qualities of paper‐based tutorials, while also capitalizing on the strengths of video.     

海河流域近现代降水量变化若干特征

根据器测资料、代用资料和文献资料,综合分析海河流域1956年以来、1880年以来和1736年以来降水量变化的主要特征,探讨影响降水多年代尺度变化的可能机制。结果表明:1海河流域平均年降水量距平百分率在1956—2013年表现出较明显下降趋势,每10 a下降速率为2.6%,但在1880—2012年期间下降趋势很弱;21736—2012年,海河流域平均年降水量距平百分率未表现出任何长期趋势变化,1956年以来和1880年以来的趋势性减少现象也不再显得异常,但存在一系列年代到多年代尺度振动;320世纪40年代后期到60年代早期是1736年以来最湿润阶段,但20世纪初以来几次持续性干旱,包括1997—2003年的严重干旱,在1736年以来历史上并非罕见,1826—1843年曾出现持续时间最长的严重干旱;4海河流域平均年降水量具有准周期性振动特点,较明显的准周期包括2~7 a、11 a、22~23 a、33 a和63~65 a;520世纪60年代后期以来海河流域降水的趋势性减少,是区域气候63~65 a自然低频周期性振动的组成部分,预计未来几十年整个流域降水量总体上将呈增多趋势,并可能在2035—2040年达到峰值区间。     

我国北方区域地下水演化研究综述

基于"六五"至"十二五"期间有关区域地下水演化的国家和省部级重点科技项目主要成果,对近30年来我国地下水演化研究的主要进展进行了综述。我国区域地下水演化研究主要集中在北方地区,项目选题的起源和立项的时代背景具有鲜明的时代性和社会重大需求驱动,包括华北和西北地区流域尺度地下水演化的国家重点项目研究,都是围绕国家目标或区域经济发展重大需求,及时揭示了气候变化和人类活动影响下区域地下水演化的关键科技问题,突显了重大科学研究的时代性和必要性。     

Terrain Modelling from Feature Primitives

We introduce a compact hierarchical procedural model that combines feature‐based primitives to describe complex terrains with varying level of detail. Our model is inspired by skeletal implicit surfaces and defines the terrain elevation function by using a construction tree. Leaves represent terrain features and they are generic parametrized skeletal primitives, such as mountains, ridges, valleys, rivers, lakes or roads. Inner nodes combine the leaves and subtrees by carving, blending or warping operators. The elevation of the terrain at a given point is evaluated by traversing the tree and by combining the contributions of the primitives. The definition of the tree leaves and operators guarantees that the resulting elevation function is Lipschitz, which speeds up the sphere tracing used to render the terrain. Our model is compact and allows for the creation of large terrains with a high level o detail using a reduced set of primitives. We show the creation of different kinds of landscapes and demonstrate that our model allows to efficiently control the shape and distribution of landform features.     

IT Service Climate—An Essential Managerial Tool to Improve Client Satisfaction With IT Service Quality

Although client satisfaction surveys can assess client satisfaction with IT service quality, they cannot easily be used to pinpoint how internal IT behaviors influence client satisfaction and prescribe solutions. This research fills the gap by introducing a concept— IT Service Climate—and a validated ten-item instrument that significantly explained client ratings of IT service quality. We recommend this measure as an effective diagnostic tool for managers aiming to improve quality and client satisfaction.     

浅析高寒环境下水轮机蜗壳焊接质量控制

积石峡水电站1号机蜗壳是在高寒、露天环境下焊接的,为保证焊接质量,焊接之前在工地进行了蜗壳焊接工艺评定试验,焊接中采取了严格的质量控制措施。焊缝检测结果,蜗壳焊接质量一次合格率达到99%以上,总体质量良好。     

透视地球工程对全球陆地气候变化趋势和波动特征的影响及区域差异

为诊断地球工程对全球陆地气候变化趋势和波动特征的影响,采用 BNU－ESM 模式的地球工程和非地球工程情景日值气温和降水数据,对比分析了两种情景下整个研究时段( 2010—2099 年) 、地球工程实施期间( 2020—2069 年) 和地球工程实施结束后( 2070—2099 年) 的全球陆地气候变化特征及区域差异。结果表明: ( 1) 两种情景下全球陆地气温变化趋势空间格局的一致性优于降雨量变化趋势空间格局。3 个时段全球陆地气温主要以增加趋势为主,2070—2099 年两种情景下开始出现减少趋势。地球工程在不同时段改变了不同区域和次区域降雨量变化趋势的方向。( 2) 地球工程在 3 个时段对全球陆地气温变化趋势的影响具有异质性。地球工程在 2010—2099 年对气温增减趋势影响最小,多介于－0. 2 ～ 0. 2 ℃ /( 10 a) 之间; 在 2020—2069 年对气温增加趋势的抑制作用最大,多数地区抑制幅度超过了 0. 4 ℃ /( 10 a) ; 在 2070—2099 年对气温增加趋势的促进作用最大,多数地区促进幅度超过了 0. 4℃ /( 10 a) 。地球工程实施前后全球陆地降雨量变化趋势差异增大,尤其是在中低纬度地区呈现出明显的区域与次区域特征。( 3) 地球工程未对全球气候的波动性产生根本改变。两种情景下的全球陆地气温和降雨量的波动特征具有较好的一致性。( 4) 地球工程对北半球陆地气温波动的影响大于南半球陆地。地球工程情景下实施结束后的气温波动特征明显小于实施期间。地球工程对全球陆地降雨量波动特征的影响具有异质性。2020—2069 年地球工程对南( 北) 半球陆地的降雨量波动特征的影响以促进( 抑制) 作用为主; 地球工程对 2070—2099 年及地球工程实施前后降雨量波动特征的影响恰好与 2020—2069 年相反。     

近100多年来香港和澳门气温时序变化特征及其与ENSO的关联性

基于近 100 多年来的均一化气温数据,从趋势变化、季节差异、突变特征、周期振荡方面诊断香港和澳门的气温变化特征。结果表明: ( 1) 港澳年平均气温和不同季节气温在近 100 多年来均呈显著增加趋势,其中春冬季节增加速率较大,夏秋季节增加速率较小。除秋冬季节外,其它时间上的香港气温增加趋势均大于澳门。港澳夏冬季节气温差异均呈减少趋势。( 2) 香港和澳门年平均气温分别于 1963 年和 1991 年发生突变。在季节上,港澳地区的气温突变均在秋季发生年份最晚,冬季次之,夏季再次之,春季最早。( 3) 香港年平均气温分别存在 3 a、7 a、15 a 和 30 a、60 a 和 120 a 的周期振荡特征。澳门年平均气温存在 3 a、6 a、12 a、24 a 和 48 a 左右的周期振荡特征。( 4) ENSO 与香港年平均气温在 4 a 以下尺度以同位相或提前 1 a 位相变化关系为主,在 4 a 以上尺度以同位相变化关系为主。ENSO 与澳门年平均气温在不同时频域均以同位相变化关系为主。