The Persistence of Superior Performance at Industry and Firm Levels: Evidence from the IT Industry in Taiwan

The industrial organization economics and the resource-based view of the firm have led to disagreements over the question as to which of firm performance at the industry and firm levels has persisted longer since the 1970s. Acknowledging that the IT industry in Taiwan has become very competitive and has demonstrated outstanding performance in the world since the 1990s, this study calculates the persistence in the incremental components of the effects on profitability, and tests hypotheses that conform to the above mainstream views of relative rates of persistence. A persistence partitioning model is fitted to a new data set, and the results show that the incremental effects of firms on profitability persist longer than the incremental effects of industry. In other words, the long-term competitive advantages of IT firms in Taiwan are more predictable and sustainable in regards to firm factors than for industry influences. These findings support the predictions of the resource-based view of the firm, and provide some implications for corporate strategy.     

子洲气田开发效果评价

子洲气田于2007年8月底正式投入生产,主力气藏为山_2,气田具有储层物性较差、非均质性强、气井产能低、局部产地层水、开发管理难度大等特点;通过开展开发效果分析及评价,在加深气藏地质研究认识的基础上,密切跟踪气田生产进程,以静、动态相结合对气井分类,并分析不同类型井生产动态特征,落实气井、气田产能,落实单井动储量,优选有利区等,为下一步滚动开发建产、扩大开发规模提供依据。同时,从气田科学管理以及配套工程技术展开了研究,提出针对不同类型气井实施相对应的管理方式,为实现气田的稳产和合理、高效开发奠定基础。     

A Dynamic Multilevel Model of Demographic Diversity and Misfit Effects.

In this study, the authors proposed and evaluated the linkages of a dynamic multilevel model of demographic diversity and misfit effects in a large sample of quick-service restaurants. Using a cross-level approach, the authors studied an employee's demographic misfit in relation to coworkers' demographics as a predictor of turnover risk over time. At the business-unit level, they studied changes in restaurant demographic diversity in relation to changes in profitability over time and unit turnover rates in relation to profitability. The authors also studied the impact of the match between the racial compositions of the restaurants and their communities on profitability. The results supported linkages between demographic misfit and turnover and partially supported a negative association between racial diversity and changes in profitability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

简化改扩建项目经济评价盈利能力分析的探讨

本文对如何简化改扩建项目经济评价进行探讨，着重就实际常见的几种盈利能力分析中的直接判定增量数据法以及应注意的问题进行了剖析与研究。     

Increasing the profitability and competitiveness in a production environment with random and bounded setup times

The link between makespan and the profitability and competitiveness of a firm is addressed first. We then study the problem of minimising makespan in a two-machine flowshop with setup times. Jobs have random setup times that are bounded within certain intervals. The distributions of job setup times are not known. We propose a polynomial time algorithm that generalises Yoshida and Hitomi's algorithm. The algorithm uses a weighted average of lower and upper bounds for setup times. Different combinations of weights result in nine different versions of the algorithm. The computational results indicate that one of the versions, with equal weights given to the lower and upper bounds of setup times, performs much better than the others. Next, the performance of this best version is compared with that of the optimal solution, which is obtained by Yoshida and Hitomi's algorithm applied to the problem after setup times have been realised. Computational analysis shows that the overall average absolute error of the best algorithm is 0.03%, and this decreases in size as the number of jobs increases. The analysis also shows that the proposed best version yields robust results regardless of setup-time distributions and the range of setup times.     

Incorporating heifer feed efficiency in the Australian selection index using genomic selection

The economic benefit of expanding the Australian Profit Ranking (APR) index to include residual feed intake (RFI) was evaluated using a multitrait selection index. This required the estimation of genetic parameters for RFI and genetic correlations using single nucleotide polymorphism data (genomic) correlations with other traits. Heritabilities of RFI, dry matter intake (DMI), and all the traits in the APR (milk, fat, and protein yields; somatic cell count; fertility; survival; milking speed; and temperament), and genomic correlations between these traits were estimated using a Bayesian framework, using data from 843 growing Holstein heifers with phenotypes for DMI and RFI, and bulls with records for the other traits. Heritability estimates of DMI and RFI were 0.44 and 0.33, respectively, and the genomic correlation between them was 0.03 and nonsignificant. The genomic correlations between the feed-efficiency traits and milk yield traits were also close to zero, ranging between −0.11 and 0.10. Positive genomic correlations were found for DMI with stature (0.16) and with overall type (0.14), suggesting that taller cows eat more as heifers. One issue was that the genomic correlation estimates for RFI with calving interval (ClvI) and with body condition score were both unfavorable (−0.13 and 0.71 respectively), suggesting an antagonism between feed efficiency and fertility. However, because of the relatively small numbers of animals in this study, a large 95% probability interval existed for the genomic correlation between RFI and ClvI (−0.66, 0.36). Given these parameters, and a genetic correlation between heifer and lactating cow RFI of 0.67, inclusion of RFI in the APR index would reduce RFI by 1.76 kg/cow per year. Including RFI in the APR would result in the national Australian Holstein herd consuming 1.73 × 10⁶ kg less feed, which is worth 0.55 million Australian dollars (A$) per year and is 3% greater than is currently possible to achieve. Other traits contributing to profitability, such as milk production and fertility, will also improve through selection on this index; for example, ClvI would be reduced by 0.53d/cow per year, which is 96% of the gain for this trait that is achieved without RFI in the APR.     

加快企业经营机制的转换是大中型企业提高经济效益的关键

通过对１９９３年中国化工百强企业经济状况的分析，指出当前国有大中型企业存在的主要问题，并提出了解决问题的措施。     

浅谈净现值指标

讨论了净现值及其派生指标净现值率、平均盈利指数以及平均年盈利率等指标的概念及特点。通过实例分析了它们在项目经济评价中的优缺点 ,提出了在进行方案比选时 ,上述指标要配合使用 ,才能使项目经济评价的结论更为合理     

Effective human utilization in an original equipment manufacturing (OEM) industry by the implementation of agile manufacturing: A POLCA approach

Agile manufacturing (AM) has been recognized as an international strategy for improving industrial competitiveness. Agility refers to the ability of an organization to adapt to changes within its environment and to utilize them for earning profit and constituting a major item of expense for any organization, having a palpable effect on its profitability. Manpower utilization is considered as one of the important attributes affecting the organization's ability to be agile. In other words, an effective manpower utilization in any agile environment can reduce the workload and enhance the profitability of any organization. The efficiency of any agile organization lies in improved production, through the utilization of a smaller workforce without impacting on its work‐life balance. Thus, this research is focused on ensuring minimum manpower utilization on the machine shop floor of an Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) industry by implementing the Paired‐cell Overlapping Loops of Card with Authorization (POLCA) approach. Effective manpower utilization is an important aspect requiring focus in all areas relating to manufacture. However, POLCA, despite being a powerful and multiapplicative tool for AM, has still not been used by researchers for effective manpower utilization. This article takes initiative in this area.     

杜邦财务分析在铝加工行业的应用

基于杜邦财务分析,文章以南山铝业和明泰铝业两家上市公司为例,从其年报中提取出2015-2017年间重要的财务数据,对两家公司进行了全面分析。通过对比分析,从经营成果、财务状况、资产运营等角度找出了两家上市公司盈利能力产生差距的原因,并提出了针对性的措施和建议。