The influence of strain of Holstein-Friesian cow and feeding system on greenhouse gas emissions from pastoral dairy farms

The purpose of this study was to model the effect of 3 divergent strains of Holstein-Friesian cows in 3 pasture-based feed systems on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The 3 strains of Holstein-Friesian compared were high-production North American (HP), high-durability North American (HD), and New Zealand (NZ). The 3 feed systems were a high grass allowance system (MP, control); high stocking rate system (HS); and high concentrate supplementation system (HC). The MP system had an overall stocking rate of 2.47 cows/ha and received 325 kg of dry matter concentrate per cow in early lactation. The HS system had a similar concentrate input to the MP system, but had an overall stocking rate of 2.74 cows/ha. The HC system had a similar overall stocking rate to the MP system, but 1,445 kg of dry matter concentrate was offered per cow. A newly developed integrated economic-GHG farm model was used to evaluate the 9 milk production systems. The GHG model estimates on-farm (emissions arising within the farm's physical boundaries) and production system (incorporating all emissions associated with the production system up to the point milk leaves the farm gate) GHG emissions. Production system GHG emissions were always greater than on-farm emissions, and the ranking of the 9 systems was usually consistent under both methods. The exception was the NZ strain that achieved their lowest GHG emission per unit of product in the HC system when indirect emissions were excluded, but their lowest emission was in the HS system when indirect emissions were included. Generally, the results showed that as cow strain changed from lower (HD and NZ) to higher genetic potential (HP) for milk production, the GHG emission per kilogram of milk solids increased. This was because of a decline in cow fertility in the HP strain that resulted in a higher number of nonproductive animals, leading to a lower total farm milk solids production and an increase in emissions from nonproductive animals. The GHG emission per hectare increased for all strains moving from MP to HS to HC feed systems and this was associated with increases in herd total feed intake. The most profitable combination was the NZ strain in the HS system and this combination resulted in a 12% reduction in production system GHG emission per hectare compared with the NZ strain in the HC system, which produced the highest emissions. This demonstrates that grass-based systems can achieve high profitability and decreased GHG emissions simultaneously.     

Aligning human capital practices and employee behavior with shareholder value.

Survey research demonstrates that superior human capital practices are not only correlated with financial returns, they are, in fact, a leading indicator of increased shareholder value. Superior human resource (HR) management was found to lead financial performance to a much greater extent than financial outcomes leading good HR. Certain HR practices were identified as value drivers and throw a cautionary flag in front of some conventional practices actually associated with a decrease in financial performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

改扩建项目经济评价浅议

本文论述了改扩建项目经济评价中的盈利能力和清偿能力分析。     

论高等工科院校科研选题的管理方法

科研课题的科学化管理是当前管理工作中急待改进的重要课题之一。本文针对高等工科院校的特点,从科研成果的判定级别出发,论述了科研管理机构的能级界限,选题原则,选题程序和评审等一系列的管理方法。本文在系统论的”层次分析法”的基础上,利用复系数矩阵求解矩阵的最大特征根和特征向量的方法,求解层次中各因素的排序权重;依照所计算的排序权重来划分科研课题的重要性的档次。这种管理方法有理论基础,可操作性强,对提高科研管理水平是有价值的。     

低温热价格的计算

提出了简单实用的低温热价格计算方法，该价格可用于炼油厂的低温热利用可行性研究、节能规划和单元经济核算。     

Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis.

Based on 7,939 business units in 36 companies, this study used meta-analysis to examine the relationship at the business-unit level between employee satisfaction-engagement and the business-unit outcomes of customer satisfaction, productivity, profit, employee turnover, and accidents. Generalizable relationships large enough to have substantial practical value were found between unit-level employee satisfaction-engagement and these business-unit outcomes. One implication is that changes in management practices that increase employee satisfaction may increase business-unit outcomes, including profit. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

重油催化裂化装置挖潜增效的措施

针对青岛石油化工厂 1.0Mt/a重油催化裂化装置原料性质不稳定、负荷率低、部分主风放空、烟气轮机效率低等问题 ,提出了挖潜增效的措施 :①筛选原油种类 ,降低原油重金属含量和硫含量 ,使柴油达到清洁燃料产品新标准 ;②优化提升管操作 ,增加预提升干气量和雾化蒸汽量 ,用酸性水代替石脑油作终止剂 ;③加大催化剂置换速率 ,保证催化剂活性 ;④将不完全再生改为完全再生 ,提高烟气轮机效率 ;⑤更换为适当的小叶片烟气轮机转子 ,再生器压力改由双动滑阀控制 ;⑥对气压机组调优等。采取前两项措施后 ,在汽油辛烷值基本不变的情况下 ,轻质油收率提高了 1.2 9个百分点     

合同能源管理的方案和盈利模式研究

合同的能源管理的商务模式,能够通过分析基站设备能耗分布情况,运用先进高效的节能设备和节能方案,为客户节省能量和运营投资,最终达到站点节能降耗的效果.节能公司与客户分享项目实施后产生的节能效益来收回项目投资、获得利润,形成滚动发展.这种新的商务模式,为客户减少项目投资及技术风险,并且可以更快地降低能源成本和运行成本,提升了客户竞争力.     

我国葡萄酒A股上市公司盈利能力评价研究

近年来,受部分欧美国家“逆全球化”潮流的影响,我国葡萄酒的进口受限,加之国家对于这一产业也越来越重视,我国的本土葡萄酒产业迎来了一个巨大的发展机遇。该文通过对我国葡萄酒产业A股5家上市公司进行盈利能力评价研究,运用杜邦分析法,总结分析目前我国葡萄酒产业上市公司的盈利情况,为公司的经营者发现企业管理中存在的问题,通过改善管理和企业的财务结构等来提高企业盈利能力,最后实现公司经营状况的稳步提升,从而促进我国葡萄酒产业的可持续稳定发展,进而使其对我国的整体经济发展做出更大的贡献。