微观尺度下单晶铜熔点多因素影响的分子动力学模拟研究

基于分子动力学方法,利用嵌入原子势(EAM)函数,在微观尺度下研究了影响单晶铜熔点的多种因素。首先利用势函数计算单晶铜的晶格常数和弹性常数,以此验证本研究所采用势函数的准确性,然后利用能量体积法、径向分布函数法和键对分析技术对模拟得到的结果进行分析,测得单晶铜熔点约为1 380K。分析了模型大小、升温速率、晶体缺陷对铜熔点的影响,研究发现模型大小、升温速率对熔点的影响不大,随着升温速率的增大,达到熔点所需的时间越短。晶体缺陷的存在使金属材料晶格点阵稳定性下降,熔化需要的热量减少,熔点相应降低,与实际熔点情况一致。     

Contextual heat island assessment for pavement preservation

Pavement preservation (PP) is a planned set of construction and material interventions that can extend the pavement’s service life and may also impact sustainability through Heat Island (HI) mitigation. The HI mitigation potential can vary from location-to-location and with time. For agencies to widely adopt the PP, it is necessary to quantify the benefits based on the context of the project. A method to calculate the Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the HI effect was developed and illustrated for four cities in the US: Chicago, Austin, San Diego and Philadelphia, for hypothetical pavements with three preservation options: chip seals, a concrete inlay, and an asphalt concrete inlay. The use phase GWP with respect to HI was estimated for all cases given a 2-, 5-, 7- or 10-year service life. Overall, the HI in the use phase was found to dominate the total GWP relative to the materials and construction phases. The HI GWP savings increase over time, with the 10-year savings being greatest for San Diego using the concrete inlay (22.5?kg CO₂-eq/m²) and smallest for Chicago with a chip seal (8.0?kg CO₂-eq/m²). The savings were found to increase in areas that have a more pronounced HI and could offset GWP in the other phases. The proposed method allows agencies to estimate HI GWP for a specific preservation strategy, location and service life.     

A new insight into promotion action of Co2+ in Ni-diamond composite electrodeposition

A new insight into the promotion action of Co²⁺ on both particle and metal deposition in Ni-diamond composite electrodeposition system was analyzed according to electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the addition of Co²⁺ made particles content in deposits increased remarkably. The change of particles content in deposits was related inversely to the change of cathodic zero potential with the increase of the concentration of cobalt sulfate. Zero charge potential of cathode was shifted to much more negative region. The negative shift of the zero potential, combining with positive shift of the zeta potential, increased the electrostatic force between the particle-adsorbed metallic cations and the cathode. It not only benefits to the transportation of particles in solution towards cathode, but also shortens their residence time on cathodic surface. Meanwhile, entry of particles is also promoted. For metals deposition, reduction resistance of metallic cations rises greatly and deposition current at cathodic potentiodynamic polarization decreases after cobalt sulfate has been added into electrolyte. These factors are favorable for increasing particles content in deposits. In addition, physical model of diamond particles deposition state before and after the addition of Co²⁺ has been discussed.     

神经元膜电位噪声取值范围的评估

大脑神经元的活动是在复杂的生理学环境下工作的，而生理学环境中的噪声来源于多个方面．如何定量地正确评估神经系统中的噪声环境是神经信息处理的基本问题．本文通过神经能量的计算给出了噪声对神经元膜电位及对应的能量波形产生显著影响的临界值的估计范围，从而定义了神经元赖以活动的生理学意义上的噪声环境．     

基于数据场的大规模本体映射

针对已有的本体映射方法在处理大规模本体映射任务时效率和有效性较低的问题,文中提出了一个基于数据场的本体映射算法.该算法首先使用高效的相似度算法,建立本体中元素对另一本体的初始相关度;然后,利用数据场势函数引入周围本体元素对当前元素的影响,修正初始相关度,并最终确定本体间的相关子本体;最后,利用针对性的方法对上述相关子本体进行更有效的映射.实验结果表明,该算法可以在提高映射结果质量的同时保证较高的映射效率.     

Use of chemical potential of a compound in potential phase diagrams

Potential phase diagrams, where the chemical potential of a compound is used as an axis, do not obey the usual rules for potential phase diagrams. Examples are presented in order to help the interpretation of such diagrams. The thermodynamic background of the special properties is examined.     

基于信息势能的鲁棒估计器及其在同时定位与地图构建问题中的应用

提出了一种基于信息势能鲁棒估计器来解决机器人室内的同时定位与地图构建（SLAM）问题．结构化的室内环境可以用线段近似表示．然而动态环境中,测距传感器测得的数据通常湮没在大量的噪声信号中．本文采用“分割与合并”（split—and．merge）方法进行线段的分类,根据信息势能的性能指标衡量每个采样数据对该线段的信息贡献量．按照信息优化理论设计估计器,选择信息量贡献大的样本点作为信息内点提取线段参数,构建局部地图．采用粒子滤波器进行地图及机器人路径的更新．采用递推的方法估计信息势能,降低了对样本点的信息量贡献做估计时的复杂度．仿真和实验结果证明,本文所提出的方法具有较强的鲁棒性,提高了SLAM策略的准确性和实时性．     

基于模糊关联规则的微博用户潜在兴趣发现

针对微博用户兴趣随时间变化的特征,提出一种基于模糊关联规则的潜在兴趣发现方法(PIDFAR),利用LDA主题模型表达微博主题分布,通过时间加权的方式计算出用户现在兴趣的主题分布,进行模糊关联规则挖掘,得出关联规则集合以表示和发现用户兴趣随时间发生变化的一般规律,最后根据关联规则集合中关联规则和用户现在兴趣的主题分布来计算相似度,取相似度较高的关联规则的后项的集合组成用户的潜在兴趣.实验表明, PIDFAR方法能够使得用户潜在兴趣的发现过程脱离用户的好友群体限制,相比基于协同过滤技术的潜在兴趣发现方法明显提高了发现微博用户潜在兴趣的准确率.     

基于改进人工势场法的智能无人车路径规划仿真研究

传统的人工势场法由于存在局部极小值问题,使智能无人车无法到达目标点。本文提出一种角度偏移的改进人工势场方法来进行避障的路径规划。介绍传统人工势场模型,详细介绍改进人工势场方法,并且对改进人工势场法进行仿真,实验证明方法的有效性。     

基于多LCS和人工势场法的机器人行为控制

基于遗传算法的早熟收敛、局部最优解、占据较大的存储空间等缺陷,提出了一种基于多LCS和人工势场法的机器人行为控制方法,设计了特殊的适应度函数。不同算法的仿真实验结果表明多LCS和人工势场法相结合用于机器人行为控制是收敛的,很大程度上改善了遗传算法的早熟收敛和收敛速度慢等问题。