Response activation in overlapping tasks and the response-selection bottleneck.

The authors investigated the impact of response activation on dual-task performance by presenting a subliminal prime before the stimulus in Task 2 (S2) of a psychological refractory period (PRP) task. Congruence between prime and S2 modulated the reaction times in Task 2 at short stimulus onset asynchrony despite a PRP effect. This Task 2 congruence effect was paralleled by a Task 1 congruence effect and emerged exclusively under conditions of cross talk, whereas it did not occur under dual-task conditions preventing cross talk between tasks. This suggests that response activation operates during the PRP in dual tasks and affects the response times in Task 2 via cross talk between common processing elements at prebottleneck stages but not by directly affecting the postbottleneck stages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

哈工大园丁小区建筑与环境设计

以哈工大园丁小区的设计为例,对高校教师居住小区的设计特点进行探讨;借鉴类型分析的整体化设计方法,以城市、建筑、环境、细部为设计出发点,寻找设计原型与变换方法,分析居住者的生活与心理需求,为建筑师提供设计参考。     

"Authoritarianism" and authority.

The author discusses and contrasts the psychological concept of "authoritarian personality" with the popular concept of similar name and stresses the clear need for a distinction between both concepts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children As Subjects in Psychological Research.

Comment on children as subjects in psychological research. I should merely like to point out that psychologists must regularly concern themselves with the possible implications of many of our common experimental procedures. We must be aware not only of the obvious effects of frustration, of our responsibility for "picking up the pieces"--even for searching for the pieces--but we must try to envisage what it does to a child's view of adults, his attitudes toward teachers, etc. to be subjected to some of the rewards or some of the "praise and reproof" of our learning experiments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comment: Use of Electronic Computers in Psychological Research.

Comments that on the Leavitt, Stone, and Wrigley discussion (October, 1954 American Psychologist) of the possibilities of a Psychological Electronic Computer (Psycheac) which, would be useful to APA members. The idea proposed by these authors is an excellent one, and efforts should be made to carry out some of their suggestions to "reduce routine computational drudgery." He presents an analysis in an effort to provide one example of the value and efficiency of an electronic computer in analyses of psychological data. An article by Meer, Stein, and Geertsma (January 1955, American Psychologist) is concerned with an analysis of the interrelationships among the Miller Analogies Test (MAT) and Wechsler-Bellevue (W-B) subtests. Their data is used in example. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于眼动追踪的中国画审美知觉研究

目的 一直以来,审美体验多从直觉分析入手,存在较大主观性,会导致对作品的评价与界定存在争议,一定程度上降低了审美研究的可信度。因此,为审美研究提供实证依据,提高研究的客观性。方法 采用心理学问卷调研方法,获得专业组、学习组、非专业的分组,实证出不同文化背景人对审美认知、审美评价在语义上存在很大差异,但对中国画的审美评价均属于积极审美;获得用来帮助评估绘画的与美学相关的抽象艺术概念,其中内容、意境、颜色影响最强;进一步运用眼动追踪技术,应用Tobii 眼动仪,获得中国画审美视觉认知过程的眼动模式。结果 审美内容上,得出三组人员均更易被具指向性特征的内容吸引;依人脸、服饰、场景、文字的视觉注意先后顺序进行审美;在机制上,边角、情境式构图会产生较大审美眼动;居中、等距构图则产生小幅度眼动;精微写实风格和工笔技法的生物性内容更易成为审美眼动热点。对空白的识别上三组存在差异,专业组对留白的反复眼动轨迹点最多,“计白当黑”意境审美意识明显;对中国画“墨分五色”的审美存在不足,三组均只能识别出4种,且存在较大差异;三组的审美欣赏的眼动轨迹均为横向,专业组比其他组审美注意更集中于高古游丝描、春蚕吐丝描、铁线描等不同技法的线条。结论 站在具有普遍性意义的人类知觉基础上,科学实证三类人群视觉认知层面的眼动规律,借以发现中国画独特审美特质产生的视觉、心理动因;揭示出中国画最根本的“视觉与知觉”本质问题,参透中国画的审美精神。     

动态书法墨迹的可回溯感评测

目的 可回溯感是艺术欣赏和临摹时产生的一种审美感受,即在审美过程中想象地再现原作的创作行为,是书法艺术凸显的审美心理现象。在计算机书法的研究中,鲜有研究以动画效果增强书法可回溯感,且缺少关于可回溯感的量化评估方法。因此,本文结合心理感知实验提出可回溯感的测评方法,并探究动态墨迹效果对书法作品可回溯感的影响。方法 首先将可回溯感分解为两种心理因素:顺序感和运动感。然后针对动态书法形式应用粒子动画制作7种不同墨迹效果,并设计心理感知实验对书法作品的可回溯感进行测量,即对选定标记点的运笔顺序进行排列以及对其运笔方向和相对速率进行估计。最后比较原作和动态书法可回溯感的差异,分析动态墨迹对书法作品可回溯感的影响。结果 实验结果证明测评方法是可行的,并发现恰当运用动态墨迹效果,即沿笔迹流动的墨迹动画,可以改进作品的运动感、显著增强顺序感以及提升可回溯感,反之则不能。若混入逆向流动墨迹效果,会削弱其提升顺序感的效用,但减弱的程度与正逆向墨迹的比例并非线性关系。结论 运笔顺序和笔触运动感知的评测方法可以有效量化视觉艺术品的可回溯感,为书法欣赏和临摹过程的研究提供实证方法。动态墨迹的设计也可用于增进书法...     

考虑主体心理行为的三边单向非循环稳定匹配

针对单向非循环偏好下的三边匹配问题,考虑主体的心理行为特征,提出一种三边单向非循环偏好序下的稳定匹配算法.首先,基于三边主体间单向非循环的偏好结构关系,给出三边单向非循环匹配及其稳定性的定义,构建基于最大基数和稳定匹配的数学模型;然后,考虑主体不完全接受性和有限妥协性的心理特征,提出有限妥协条件下的搜索优选稳定算法,并...     

朋辈心理服务机制在高校抗击新冠疫情中的运用

分析新冠肺炎疫情导致在校大学生的认知、情绪、行为等系列心理健康问题,提出在疫情期间,高校应充分发挥朋辈心理服务机制的优势,从心理援助、心理互助、心理自助三方面积极开展朋辈心理服务工作,提升学生的心理防疫能力,有效缓解学生心理压力,重建积极心态,安全平稳度过疫情.