Psychological work characteristics,psychological workload and associated psychological and cognitive requirements of train drivers

This study aimed to assess the psychological work characteristics and psychological workload of train drivers and to define the psychological and cognitive requirements of their work. A systematic literature search was performed, and expert interviews were conducted. The following work demands were specific to train drivers: high emotional and mental demands, small amount of autonomy and skill discretion. No evidence of a high emotional workload, a high mental workload or short-term stress reactivity was found. In general, the drivers' fatigue complaints and recovery needs after work were comparable to that of other workers. However, severe sleepiness and high need for recovery did affect a substantial proportion of train drivers. The ability to stay aware, to anticipate, to remain attentive and to cope with fatigue are psychological and cognitive skills that are required to adequately and safely perform the train drivers' job. Including these requirements in periodic assessments of train drivers is recommended.     

Understanding forced adoption of self-service technology: the impacts of users’ psychological reactance

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, information system, and mobile technologies, some companies (e.g. airlines) consider fully replacing service employees with self-service technologies (SSTs) to cut down costs and to increase efficiency. However, replacing full services with SSTs sometimes fail to deliver the benefits companies have hoped for: users may feel that they are being forced to use SSTs and show resistance to the new technologies. To investigate why users show resistance, we draw inferences from psychological reactance theory and argue that users may perceive the forced adoption as a threat, which leads to resistance of SSTs. A conceptual model was developed and an empirical study was conducted. The results show that, under a forced situation, users are likely to perceive the forced adoption as a threat to their freedom, causing them to have negative emotions and perceptions towards the SSTs, and, in turn, their adoption intention decreases and switch intention increases. The findings provide insights on why users show resistance to SSTs and highlight the impacts of the motivational state of psychological reactance.     

Photography in the Szondi Test: ‘The Analysis of Fate’

Léopold Szondi invented a projective test using photographs of people with mental pathologies to determine the unconscious, ancestral illnesses (or aptitudes) of his subjects. Szondi’s images were garnered from psychiatric textbooks published around 1900. Such photographs presumably revealed unconscious thoughts, desires, and destinies in the course of a test session. If a patient responded positively to a photo-portrait of a diagnosed ‘hysteric’, for instance, this indicated that the subject herself had unconscious, inherited hysterical traits. Szondi’s reasoning was predicated upon two commonly held fallacies: first that an individual’s physical appearance is the external marker of mental life, and second that photography is a transparent means of revealing true facts. In spite of (or maybe even because of) such problematic assumptions, Szondi’s use of photographs can be located historically in a tradition of reading human character from portraiture. The test was widespread, and was even administered to Adolf Eichmann at the time of his trial in Jerusalem – an ironic cultural development as Szondi himself would have been among the thousands of Jews deported from Hungary directly to Auschwitz by Eichmann had the Szondi family not been rescued by the Kastner train of 1944.     

试论安全管理中的心理隐患

据统计,90%的安全事故由行为隐患引起,减少安全事故的重点是减少行为隐患。而行为隐患由心理隐患引起,因此,减少心理隐患才是减少安全事故的关键。但现行法规中对心理隐患并未明确规定,使事故隐患排查失去了方向。心理隐患作为类别应在法规层面得到确认,并明确排查要求以促进心理隐患的辨识和心理隐患排查机制建立,提高企业安全管理水平。     

Underage drinking among young adolescent girls: The role of family processes.

Guided by family interaction theory, this study examined the influences of psychological, peer, and familial processes on alcohol use among young adolescent girls and assessed the contributions of familial factors. An ethnically diverse sample of 1,187 pairs of girls (M age = 12.83 years), and their mothers completed surveys online. Questionnaires assessed girls’ lifetime and recent alcohol use, as well as girls’ demographic, psychological, peer, and family characteristics. Hierarchical logistic regression models showed that although girls’ drinking was associated with a number of psychological and peer factors, the contributions of family domain variables to girls’ drinking were above and beyond that of psychological and peer factors. The interaction analyses further highlighted that having family rules, high family involvement, and greater family communication may offset risks in psychological and peer domains. Study findings underscore the multifaceted etiology of drinking among young adolescent girls and assert the crucial roles of familial processes. Prevention programs should be integrative, target processes at multiple domains, and include work with parents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于改进引力模型的成都城市圈引力格局划分研究

通过研究区域内各个城市之间的引力关系,能够探索城市之间的经济关系,这是合理划分城市圈内城市组团,实现城市组团协同发展的基础。基于城市竞争力和矢量的城市引力模型,通过加入心理距离相关理论对模型进行了改善,并以成都城市圈为例,阐述成都城市圈引力格局现状及经济联系。结果表明:通过改进后的城市引力模型计算的引力结果,反映出城市相对引力现状基本符合客观事实;成都城市圈明显呈现出“一家独大”的经济格局,成都市的城市竞争力和引力远远超出平均水平,整个城市的经济联系过于分散,区域内各城市发展不均衡,有待未来改善。     

后疫情时代下校园环境对大学生心理复愈性的影响

【目的】随着后疫情时代到来,复愈性环境的建设受到人们关注。校园作为学生们生活的主要场所,了解其对学生身心健康的影响具有重要意义。【方法】以西北农林科技大学校园为例,通过实地问卷调查法,对疫情隔离下校园不同环境带给大学生的心理复愈性差异以及影响环境心理复愈性的因素展开研究。【结果】结果表明：1）蓝色空间被认为是最具复愈性的环境,其次是操场和绿色空间,灰色空间最弱;2）环境偏好和环境复愈性呈正相关,增添环境偏好景观元素如水、鸟、树、鱼等有利于环境复愈性的提升;3）大学生进行混合行为的复愈效果最好,动态行为、静态行为次之,通过行为最弱。4）大学生在留校4个月内感知到的环境复愈性随停留时间的增长呈下降趋势,但停留时间最长的大学生心理复愈性评分最高。兼容性维度的提升更加有利于环境心理复愈性提升。【结论】研究揭示了复愈环境所具备的特征,有助于景观设计师们为校园复愈性环境的建设提供更多的思路和可能。     

Fundamental Clock of Biological Aging: Convergence of Molecular,Neurodegenerative, Cognitive and Psychiatric Pathways: Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Meet Psychology

In humans, age-associated degrading changes, widely observed in molecular and cellular processes underly the time-dependent decline in spatial navigation, time perception, cognitive and psychological abilities, and memory. Cross-talk of biological, cognitive, and psychological clocks provides an integrative contribution to healthy and advanced aging. At the molecular level, genome, proteome, and lipidome instability are widely recognized as the primary causal factors in aging. We narrow attention to the roles of protein aging linked to prevalent amino acids chirality, enzymatic and spontaneous (non-enzymatic) post-translational modifications (PTMs ^SP), and non-equilibrium phase transitions. The homochirality of protein synthesis, resulting in the steady-state non-equilibrium condition of protein structure, makes them prone to multiple types of enzymatic and spontaneous PTMs, including racemization and isomerization. Spontaneous racemization leads to the loss of the balanced prevalent chirality. Advanced biological aging related to irreversible PTMs ^SP has been associated with the nontrivial interplay between somatic (molecular aging) and mental (psychological aging) health conditions. Through stress response systems (SRS), the environmental and psychological stressors contribute to the age-associated “collapse” of protein homochirality. The role of prevalent protein chirality and entropy of protein folding in biological aging is mainly overlooked. In a more generalized context, the time-dependent shift from enzymatic to the non-enzymatic transformation of biochirality might represent an important and yet underappreciated hallmark of aging. We provide the experimental arguments in support of the racemization theory of aging.     

化工生产对总控工素质及技术的要求

以聚氯乙烯化工生产过程为例,针对化工总控工的具体工作内容、专业技能和心理素质等方面进行分析。在化工生产中,化工总控工不但要熟知岗位任务和职责,还要有过硬的专业知识、良好的心理素质。生产中,要求化工总控工明确理解化工生产反应原理,并在出现问题时及时有效进行工艺调整。只有具有专业知识技术,能提出合理化的建议,并不断增强个人综合素质,化工总控工才能保障化工生产安全,提高产品质量,为化工行业的可持续发展创造有利条件。     

论店面设计对消费者心理的影响

优秀的店面设计永远都是市场最佳的链接点,在激烈的市场竞争中将设计的商业价值体现得淋漓尽致.商铺通过设计可以更好的与消费者沟通、交流,更重要的是能够最大限度的获着市场,从而使产品更具竞争力.