On a novel press system with six links for precision deep drawing

The objective of this paper is to propose a novel press system with six links for precision deep drawing, and verify its feasibility. First, the system is presented and its advantages are discussed. Then, the kinematic analysis of the system is obtained by examining the geometry of the design. Moreover, kinematic dimensions of the variable coupling are found by using optimization method. Furthermore, the proposed approach is illustrated by a design example, its solid model for the proposed design is established, and then kinematic simulation is performed by ADAMS software. Finally, a prototype and an experimental setup are established, and the experiment is conducted. The results show that the proposed new mechanism is feasible and of reasonable accuracy. In addition, it has the advantages of easy manufacture, lower cost, higher precision, and easy adjustability.     

Optimal blank design based on finite element method for blades of large Francis turbines

Metal pressing process that is widely used in industries has advantages over casting process for producing large Francis turbine blades from thick plates. Prior to the pressing process, blank design is firstly performed to determine flat blanks. The traditional trial and error approach is not applicable to blade design for Francis turbines that are not standard due to hydraulic characteristics of power plant sites. The rapid development of computing technology makes it possible to obtain optimal flat blanks by numerical modelling and simulation. In this paper, inverse finite element approach is investigated for blank design and an elasto-plastic model has been built using the well-known commercial software ANSYS. Numerical simulations for blade unfolding models with thick shell elements, solid elements and shell elements have given results with negligible differences. Unfolding tests with simple geometries have been carried out and the numerical results agree well with the analytical solutions. A large and thick shape of a Francis turbine blade for a hydropower plant has been successfully unfolded by inverse FE model. Sensibility analysis shows that the middle surface of the flat blank is independent of blade thickness. For ensuring the machining of the blade after the pressing process, a new contour is obtained by extending the boundary of the flat blank provided by the numerical model. This research may provide a useful tool for optimal blank design of Francis turbine blades.     

压差矢量水听器阵波束形成的优化

以各向同性噪声作为背景噪声场,对矢量水听器阵波束形成的优化方法进行了系统的研究.在分析各向同性噪声场中声压、振速相关性的基础上,利用最大信噪比准则推导了基阵的最佳增益与噪声场特性和阵列流形之间的关系,提出利用最佳增益权对阵列接收信号进行波束形成处理.通过对矢量水听器阵进行分解,将最佳增益波束形成引入矢量阵信号处理中.以二维压差矢量水听器阵作为接收基阵进行了仿真计算和湖上试验,结果表明,矢量阵的最佳增益波束形成可以获得性能更优的波束和更大的空间处理增益.     

基于仿真退火算法的任意阵列宽带波束形成

提出了基于仿真退火算法优化思想的任意宽带波束设计方法,其期望响应由工作频带划分成的等间隔窄子带上旁瓣波束形成权系数构成。各个子带上的低旁瓣波束则采用基于仿真退火波束形成原理的波束优化设计方法得到。借助计算机对二十四元圆阵进行波束优化设计。结果表明,使用上述方法设计的波束与常规方法相比,获得了更低的旁瓣级和更稳定束宽,充分说明了方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于FMCW雷达的多人心率呼吸检测

针对目前毫米波雷达应用于多人生命体征检测效果不佳, 检测范围小等缺点, 提出了一种多人心率呼吸提取分离方法, 首先采用Capon波束成形技术对非目标区域信号形成零陷, 对目标区域进行提取相位、相位解缠绕操作; 其次利用自适应谐波跟踪算法滤除噪声; 最后使用粒子群算法和样本熵改进的变分模态分解法(PSO-SE-VMD)对信号进行分解得到模态分量, 选取合适的模态分量并通过短时自相关算法提取心率呼吸. 实验结果表明, 该方法在夹角30°和60°时心率的均方误差分别为5.55和3.15, 实现了多人检测并有效提高了检测范围.     

生物医用多孔钛及钛合金激光快速成形研究进展

多孔钛及钛合金具有良好的生物相容性和与人骨更匹配的力学性能,是人体理想的替代材料,因此其制备技术及相关性能研究引起了广泛关注。激光快速成形是一项先进的制造技术,在制备生物多孔金属材料时具有独特的优势。介绍了激光快速成形的工作原理和技术特征,根据成形工艺特点简要回顾了4种代表性激光快速成形技术(选择性激光烧结、选择性激光熔化、激光近净成形和激光立体成形)的国内外发展现状,并重点论述了这几种技术在制备生物医用多孔钛及钛合金方面的最新研究进展,最后指出了今后在该领域的主要研究工作。     

热丝TIG堆焊Inconel 625层组织成形研究

采用热丝钨极惰性气体保护焊,用ENiCrMo-3型焊丝在Q235B钢管内表面进行堆焊试验。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对堆焊层微观组织进行观察和元素成分分析,利用显微硬度计测定试样硬度分布。结果表明,堆焊层组织主要为γ-Ni单相奥氏体,在晶界处有碳化物析出;堆焊层组织自熔合线至顶部的基本形态依次为平面晶、胞晶、树枝晶、等轴晶及顶部横向柱状晶;熔合线附近有少量魏氏体组织形成;试样硬度自基材至堆焊层方向呈递增趋势;上层组织在晶界位置贫Cr较下层严重,从金相看其晶粒受到的侵蚀作用更明显。     

快速检验技术在自制炸药爆炸事故现场勘查中的应用

针对自制炸药爆炸事故造成人员伤亡、财产损失巨大,社会影响恶劣的情况,采用红外光谱法(IR)和拉曼光谱法(Raman)等快速检验技术对爆炸现场的遗留物、残留物和抛散物等进行检验、初步定性和来源推断。通过一起自制炸药爆炸事故的现场勘查和物证临场快速检验,实现了对自制炸药主要组分的快速推断和爆炸现场重建,并对爆炸事故原因进行了分析判定,可为同类爆炸事故现场快速勘验和原因分析提供借鉴,对提升爆炸事故现场勘查效率,实现爆炸事故原因快速认定具有重要的应用价值,并对查清犯罪事实,打击犯罪和维护社会稳定有着重要的作用。     

汽车轻量化技术:铝/镁合金及其成型技术发展动态

为了推动我国汽车工业轻量化进程,文章从新材料、成型新技术、新应用三个方面对铝合金、镁合金两类轻金属材料的国内外研究动态进行了回顾,分析了两类轻金属材料在汽车工业应用的阻力,提出了我国汽车工业铝/镁合金可能的发展建议。     

泡沫钢的制备及压缩吸能特性

为制备高强轻质泡沫钢吸能材料,本文以430L不锈钢粉为原料、CaCl₂为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金烧结-溶解法制备了孔隙率为64%~80%,孔径1~4 mm的泡沫钢.利用SEM和XRD对试样进行微观组织结构分析,并对试样进行轴向准静态压缩测试,分析讨论了孔隙率和孔形对泡沫钢压缩变形行为和吸能特性的影响,以及变形过程中孔结构变形和坍塌机理.研究表明：泡沫钢孔结构呈近球形且分布均匀,孔之间通过孔壁上的微孔形成有效连通.在压缩变形过程中,变形区首先发生在孔形不规则且孔壁较薄处,后诱发周围孔变形并形成多个变形带.泡沫钢试样压缩屈服平台应力随着孔隙率的增加而减小,当孔隙率为64.81%~78.82%时,其对应的屈服平台应力为59.37~17.04 MPa.在孔隙率相同的条件下,孔形为近球形的泡沫试样,其屈服平台应力远高于孔形不规则的试样.当应变量为40%时,孔隙率为64.81%~78.82%的泡沫钢,其单位体积的能量吸收值为23.92~7.32 MJ/m³,约为泡沫铝的5~7倍.4种不同孔隙率泡沫钢样品的理想吸能效率(I)均达0.85以上,表明泡沫钢可以作为一种理想的吸能材料.