Evidence for hypodescent and racial hierarchy in the categorization and perception of biracial individuals.

Individuals who qualify equally for membership in two racial groups provide a rare window into social categorization and perception. In 5 experiments, we tested the extent to which a rule of hypodescent, whereby biracial individuals are assigned the status of their socially subordinate parent group, would govern perceptions of Asian–White and Black–White targets. In Experiment 1, in spite of posing explicit questions concerning Asian–White and Black–White targets, hypodescent was observed in both cases and more strongly in Black–White social categorization. Experiments 2A and 2B used a speeded response task and again revealed evidence of hypodescent in both cases, as well as a stronger effect in the Black–White target condition. In Experiments 3A and 3B, social perception was studied with a face-morphing task. Participants required a face to be lower in proportion minority to be perceived as minority than in proportion White to be perceived as White. Again, the threshold for being perceived as White was higher for Black–White than for Asian–White targets. An independent categorization task in Experiment 3B further confirmed the rule of hypodescent and variation in it that reflected the current racial hierarchy in the United States. These results documenting biases in the social categorization and perception of biracials have implications for resistance to change in the American racial hierarchy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Why multicultural issues matter for practitioners working with older adults.

How are the American Psychological Association's multicultural practice guidelines relevant to those who provide clinical services to older adults? Issues of race and ethnicity figure in the lives of older adults and their service providers in ways that may not be readily apparent. In this article, the author reviews facts about minority aging along with clinical examples to illustrate issues older adults confront in negotiating racial, ethnic, and age differences between themselves and others, including service providers. Current professional efforts to enhance sensitivity to late-life diversity issues are reviewed, as are resources on which the practicing psychologist can draw. Recommendations are made regarding how psychologists can gain knowledge, enrich teaching and supervision, and encourage conversation with clients and colleagues about multicultural aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

用于分类问题的粒子群优化遗传算法

提出一种混合粒子群遗传分类算法,根据种群中个体的相互关系,采用“家族”思想对算法进行综合调控,利用家族交叉操作进行微调,并在各家族中引入粒子群思想的交叉算子,兼顾收敛速度和多样性2项指标。根据分类问题的特点,设计相应的编码方式和适应度函数,用播种的方式生成初始种群。对国际通用检验分类效果的数据集进行分类。实验结果证明,该算法的分类效果优于其他算法。     

贝克型襟翼舵性能理论计算及图谱

用升力面理论方法计算敞水及浆的后尾流场中贝克型襟翼舵的水动力性能，理论计算值与实验结果吻合良好。根据理论计算结果讨论了影响贝克舵性能的因素，本文提供的贝克型襟翼舵性能图谱可供设计选型参考。     

轴承内圈剥落失效分析

通过化学成分分析、宏观形貌观察、金相组织和硬度检测等方法,对轴承内圈剥落失效原因进行了分析。结果显示,轴承与轴配合不良、轴承内圈滚道面硬度不均是导致轴承内圈产生剥落失效的主要原因。     

Finding stale‐value errors in concurrent programs

Concurrent programs can suffer from many types of errors, not just the well‐studied problems of deadlocks and simple race conditions on variables. This paper addresses a kind of race condition that arises from reading a variable whose value is possibly out of date. The paper introduces a simple technique for detecting such stale values, and reports on the encouraging experience with a compile‐time checker that uses the technique. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双向NAT环境下的IPSec隧道通信研究

随着Intemet规模的快速增长,NAT作为解决IP地址短缺的有效方法被大量应用于网络拓扑中。但NAT的出现带来了网络安全的复杂性,尤其在广泛应用的基于IPSec的VPN系统中,NAT对于IP报文的修改处理与IPSec协议对于IP报文的安全控制产生了极大的冲突,降低了IPSec安全策略对于网络的适应性。该文分析并比较了现有NAT与IPSec兼容性解决方案的技术关键点及其局限性。针对IPSec隧道双向穿透NAT的具体应用,传统的基于设备的点对点隧道协商方式已经无法满足需求。因此该文从VPN系统的角度给出了协作方式基于隧道接力的IPSec解决方案并进行了设计实现。最后该文对该系统的安全性及效率进行了评估。     

Transparency should trump trust: Rejoinder to McConnell and Leibold (2009) and Ziegert and Hanges (2009).

The rebuttals offered by the authors whose data we reanalyzed (see record 2009-06703-001)—A. R. McConnell & J. M. Leibold (see record 2001-11532-008); J. C. Ziegert & P. J. Hanges (see record 2005-05102-011)—address secondary issues that do not alter our primary message: The evidence for the predictive validity of the race Implicit Association Test is too fragile to support the strong claims that have been made about the pervasiveness of prejudice and the linkages between Implicit Association Test scores and discriminatory behavior. Greater caution in both the legal and scientific communities is warranted. Most importantly, scientific research on implicit bias needs greater transparency and willingness to open raw data to critical scrutiny, not greater trust and deference among researchers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reverse Unfolding of Petri Nets and its Application in Program Data Race Detection

The unfolding technique can partially alleviate the state explosion in Petri nets through branching processes. However, all states of a system are still contained in its unfolding net. To deal with some practical problems, only the coverability determination of a specific state is needed. In view of this, reducing the scale of the unfolding net is feasible. This study proposes a target-oriented reverse unfolding algorithm for the coverability determination of 1-safe Petri nets, which combines a heuristic technique to reduce the scale of unfolding nets, thereby improving the efficiency of coverability determination. Furthermore, the reverse unfolding is applied to the formal verification of concurrent programs, and their data race detection is converted into the coverability determination of a specific state in 1-safe Petri nets. The experiment compares the efficiency between forward nfolding and reverse unfolding in the coverability determination of a Petri net. The results show that when the Petri net has more forward branches than backward branches, reverse unfolding is more efficient than forward unfolding. Finally, the key factors influencing the efficiency of reverse unfolding are analyzed.     

Bandwidth improvement of rat‐race couplers having left‐handed transmission‐line sections

A novel broadband rat‐race coupler has been investigated. The coupler utilizes an artificial left‐handed transmission line section for broadband phase response realization. Moreover, a narrowband model of left‐handed section has been shown to prove the couplers equivalent circuit at the center frequency. To broaden the operational bandwidth multisection quarter‐wave transformers have been proposed. The exemplary rat‐race coupler with two‐section impedance transformers has been designed and manufactured. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:341–347, 2014.