定向断裂控制爆破机理综述

作者从理论上将光面爆破、预裂爆破、切槽爆破、切缝药包爆破,聚能药包爆破等常用控制爆破统称为定向断裂控制爆破。综述了爆破破裂过程中爆生气体作用和应力波作用,重点分析了圆形炮孔爆破的成缝机理。     

软岩巷道周边控制爆破的研究

软岩中的光面爆破,往往眼痕率低,出现超挖,效果不理想,对此进行了分析,导出崩落眼爆破损伤光爆层岩石的损伤因子对光爆层岩石性质的影响关系以及损伤岩石中的光爆参数计算式;指出采用岩石定向断裂爆破技术,并考虑崩落眼爆破对光爆层岩石的损伤效应,设计出相应的光爆参数,是提高软岩光爆效果的有效方法。同时,也为进一步研究软岩的光面爆破理论与技术明确了方向。     

渤海湾盆地沙垒田地区新近纪走滑断裂发育特征及其对油气富集的控制作用

沙垒田凸起地区是渤海海域西部新近系油气最为富集的区域，为了明确新近系走滑断裂发育特征及对油气富集的控制作用，依托连片高精度三维地震、钻井取心等资料，对走滑断裂类型及发育特征进行了详细刻画，并对走滑断裂与成藏要素之间的关系进行了探讨。综合研究表明：研究区发育断穿基底走滑断裂、盖层走滑断裂及伸展-走滑断裂三种不同类型走滑断裂；走滑断裂对圈闭的控制作用表现为在不同类型走滑断裂控制下，断裂带内及断裂带间形成了多种类型圈闭，其中大型披覆背斜圈闭、断鼻、断背斜圈闭为有利圈闭，小型断块圈闭为不利圈闭；走滑断裂对输导体系的控制作用体现在断裂活动控制了骨架砂体输导体系及断裂输导体系的形成发育，有利于周边凹陷成熟烃源岩排烃及运移输导；走滑断裂对储层的控制作用表现为走滑作用形成的高角度裂缝提高了储层渗透率，改善了储层物性。新近纪普遍发育的走滑断裂是研究区油气富集的主控因素。     

相似系数阈值滤波的数据驱动控制束偏移

高斯束偏移不仅具有接近波动方程偏移的精度,而且具有Kirchhoff偏移灵活、高效的特点。然而当实际地震采集数据中含有较强噪声时,易产生偏移假象而影响成像质量。为此,在传统高斯束偏移的基础上,根据有效信号和干扰信号在τ-p域中的相干性差异,发展了一种基于相似系数阈值滤波的数据驱动控制束偏移方法。采用数据驱动策略,在高斯束偏移成像过程中,先计算τ-p道集的相似系数,再通过设定相似系数阈值控制干扰信号,从而降低偏移剖面中的随机噪声;控制束偏移可以直接提取角度域共成像点道集,无需复杂的角度映射变换且具有更高信噪比。模型测试及实际资料处理结果表明：对于低信噪比数据,控制束偏移剖面的信噪比明显高于常规高斯束偏移,但会损失相对振幅的可靠性;尽管控制束偏移在τ-p道集的滤波过程增加了一定的计算量,但总体与常规高斯束偏移方法的计算效率相当;相似系数阈值参数选取十分关键,阈值较小时偏移噪声较强,但过大阈值也可能压制部分有效信息或产生偏移假象,选取合适的阈值参数才能得到较理想的偏移剖面。     

石油产量预测的麦克斯韦模型

使用广义翁氏模型研究石油产量预测问题时,常采用线性试差法进行模型参数估计,该方法因需要预先设定1个参数值,并在此条件下求得另2个参数,所以受到的人为影响因素较多。基于统计学中的麦克斯韦分布,建立了两参数的麦克斯韦模型,提出了非线性最优化、一元多项式回归、二元线性回归这3种参数估计法求解麦克斯韦模型中的2个参数。依据1971-2016年挪威石油产量数据,对比了3种方法的求解过程及计算结果,并分析了3种方法的优缺点。结果表明：3种方法的计算结果与实际数据均非常吻合,由此证明了麦克斯韦模型的适用性及其参数估计方法的准确性;回归方法所得均方差极小,说明该方法具有较高的精度,而非线性最优化方法拟合的最高产量发生时间更为准确。这一研究为油气田的产量预测提供了新的模型和有效的模型参数估计方法。     

Automatic Detection of Steel Bali＇s Surface Flaws Based on Image Processing

A new method to detect steel bali＇s surface flaws is presented based on computer techniques of image processing and pattern recognition. The steel bali＇s surface flaws is the primary factor causing bearing failure. The high efficient and precision detections for the surface flaws of steel ball can be conducted by the presented method, including spot, abrasion, burn, scratch and crack, etc. The design of main components of the detecting system is described in detail including auto-matic feeding mechanism, automatic spreading mechanism of steel ball＇ s surface, optical system of microscope, image acquisition system, image processing system. The whole automatic system is controlled by an industrial control computer, which can carry out the recognition of flaws of steel bali＇s surface effectively.     

基于径向纤维直线假定的拱坝分析全调整法

本文从拱梁分载法的基本原理出发，在拱梁变形分析中以径向纤维直线假定代替原平截面假定，在此基础上发展出的全调整法能满足所有拱梁变位协调条件、径向微元平衡条件、剪应力互等关系和坝顶边界条件，提高了拱梁分载法计算体系的完备性。实例分析结果合理可靠。     

Release rates of tetradecen-1-ol acetates from polymeric formulations in relation to temperature and air velocity

An apparatus was developed for investigating the release rates of pheromone formulations at temperatures and air velocities that correspond with those in the field. Polyurethane foam proved an excellent adsorbent for the recovery of tetradecen-1-ol acetates, allowing high air flows at low differential pressure and without breakthrough of these compounds. The experimental setup and procedures are described. The release rates of all formulations investigated were almost proportional to the square root of air velocity, and their logarithms were proportional to the reciprocal of temperature (K). When temperature is increased from 15°C to 25°C, the release rates increase by about 2-2.5 ×. Both relationships were combined into one equation that allows a reliable estimate to be made of the actual release rates of a formulation, under varying conditions, on the basis of its specific parameters and the relevant meteorological data.     

Residual effect of long-term applications of farmyard manure to silage maize

Sluijsmans and Kolenbrander developed a simple model to describe the availability of animal manure, assuming a readily available, an easily decomposable and a slowly decomposable N fraction. We tested this model on data from an experiment in which farmyard manure had been applied for eleven successive years to silage maize [Zea mays L.] grown on a light sandy soil. The residual effects of this FYM were then measured by growing Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum Lamk.] in the 12th year. The measured uptake of N by the grass of the FYM residues was then compared with the computed values. The measured amounts of N taken up agreed fairly well with the calculated amounts for applications of 50 and 100 t FYM per ha per year.If the rates of manure application are adjusted to crop requirement, the model shows that the potential, long-term release of N from the residual N fraction of FYM will not exceed 20 kg N per ha. For cattle slurry with a smaller residual fraction, the release will be at most 10% of the total annual N application.     

轴承压印字符自动识别算法的研究

为了方便轴承的生产和管理,针对轴承上字符的特点,提出了一种自动识别轴承压印字符的方法。首先借助环形光源,利用"反光差"产生并采集字符图像;然后利用随机Hough变换定位轴承圆心,并确定目标字符的位置;通过对单个字符进行仿射变换矫正字符区域;最后提取轮廓层次特征,并使用支持向量机识别。实验表明,该方法能够实现轴承字符的自动识别,并能满足实时性和识别率的要求。