Effect of heating time on bonding interface,atom diffusion and mechanical properties of dissimilar titanium joints produced by thermal self-compressing bonding

Solid-state bonding between pure titanium and Ti6Al4V (TC4) alloy was conducted by a new bonding method named as rigid restraint thermal self-compressing bonding. Effects of heating time on bonding interface, atom diffusion and mechanical properties of the joints were studied. Results show that atom diffusion between pure titanium and TC4 alloy significantly takes place during bonding. The diffusion depths of Al and V in pure titanium side are increased with increasing heating time. Due to the enhancement of atom diffusion, bond quality of the bonding interface is improved along with the increase of heating time. The heating time seems to have little effect on microhardness distribution across the joint. However, the tensile strength and ductility of the joint have close relation to heating time. Prolonging heating time can improve the tensile strength and ductility of the joint, especially the latter. When the heating time increases to 450 s, solid-state joint with good combination of strength and ductility is attained.     

喷墨打码机墨路循环系统的压力脉动抑制方法

针对以波纹管蓄能器和隔膜泵为基本元件的喷码机墨路循环系统中存在的压力脉动现象,通过对关键部件隔膜泵(含隔膜、吸入液阀、排出液阀等)与波纹管蓄能器的分析建立墨路循环系统的液压仿真模型,分析了波纹管刚度、阻尼孔孔径等重要参数对脉动吸收效果的影响,获得吸收压力脉动的波纹管的最优参数,通过试验验证了仿真结果,压力脉动抑制的关键在于波纹管的刚度必须与隔膜泵工作压力合理匹配。     

Mechanism of preventive action of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb (gamazumi) crude extract on oxidative damage in rats subjected to stress

The fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb (gamazumi) has been shown to prevent oxidative injury induced by water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) in rats. In this study the effect of gamazumi crude extract (GCE) on antioxidant enzymatic activities in the plasma, liver and stomach of rats with WIRS was investigated to elucidate the mechanism of prevention of oxidative injury. Ulcer formation and lipid peroxidation were inhibited in rats supplied GCE for 2 weeks in comparison with rats supplied water. Although the activities of plasma, hepatic and gastric antioxidant enzymes in rats given water were decreased by WIRS, only slight changes were observed in rats given GCE. There was no difference in enzymatic activities between the water and GCE groups not subjected to WIRS. Furthermore, ferrous ascorbate‐induced oxidation in hepatic homogenate from rats given GCE was inhibited. These results suggest that ingestion of GCE does not induce antioxidant enzymes and that the absorbed antioxidant components of GCE have a direct effect on oxidative injury in the body. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

电流互感器中性线电阻增大对线路差动保护的影响

针对电流互感器(TA)中性线电阻增大导致线路差动保护误动的情况,进一步分析了此类误动产生的原理和机理。TA中性线电阻大于一定数值时,故障相二次回路电流在中性线上产生的电压降会使非故障相TA在二次侧出现类似励磁涌流的效应,从而产生波形偏向一侧的异常电流,其本质原因是TA磁链的累积。此外,通过改变二次回路方程的参数研究了中性线电阻大小、非周期分量大小、剩磁水平,以及TA容量对异常电流幅值的影响。在研究、归纳了此类误动的各种特征后,提出将三相最大电流引入制动判据中,结合该相二次谐波基波比,识别TA中性线异常后短时闭锁分相差动保护的动作逻辑。经仿真与录波图回放验证了所提保护方案的正确性和有效性。     

1000kV特高压变压器保护方案

1 000 k V变压器由于电压等级高、容量大,其主接线方式和调压方式与500 k V变压器存在显著差异,因此特高压变压器的保护配置与传统变压器保护配置存在不同。在分析特高压变压器一次结构的基础上,提出了适合特高压变压器的保护配置方案。为了解决主变压器空投时调压变压器差动电流中二次谐波含量低可能造成差动保护误动的问题,对调压变压器和补偿变压器差动保护的励磁涌流识别方案进行了改进。通过动模试验和现场运行检验,证明了特高压变压器保护配置和励磁涌流改进方案的正确性和有效性。     

基于PPP模式的公共部门投资激励约束机制方法研究

城市基础设施建设中采用 PPP 模式,是带动城市经济与社会双重效益的新特征。公私部门合作需要利用激励约束 机制来调动参与项目建设投资的积极性,以获得经济社会公益与经济效益共赢。通过对实践案例研究发现,有效建立激励机 制,取决于政府在项目建设中为私有部门提供的报酬及其为自身积极努力的程度。激励机制效用是政府独特约束控制权确定 的关键。为了论证研究方法在项目实施中的效用,构建了激励约束机制方法模型。研究结果表明,采用 PPP 模式的项目运 营决策标准存在差异性,激励约束机制在 PPP 项目运营中作用和风险分担能力最强,收益约束监管难度最高。因此,建立 激励约束机制便于规避 PPP 模式在城市建设运营中的风险且有利于促进社会公平。     

人工神经网络在乘员约束系统中的应用

建立正面碰撞乘员约束系统空间模型,通过实车碰撞试验验证了模型的正确性.结合均匀试验设计方法,分别建立3种人工神经网络拟合乘员伤害,网络结构经过优化和训练后使用遗传算法寻优,优化后的参数使得约束系统的保护性能得到显著改善.优化结果表明:RBF网络和GRNN网络对乘员约束系统的拟合效果较好,预测精度较高.     

单相模块化多电平变流器控制策略研究

模块化多电平变流器(MMC)是一种新型的多电平拓扑,输出与子模块数相关的多电平波形。MMC具有高度模块化、易扩展、输出波形好等特点,在中高压场合具有广阔的应用前景。分析了单相MMC的拓扑结构和工作原理,并通过一定的控制策略,对子模块电容电压平衡与环流抑制进行协同控制;利用载波移相脉宽调制(CPSSPWM)技术,等效提高了开关器件的频率,从而降低其损耗。最后用Matlab/Simulink对单相MMC进行仿真实验,验证了调制策略和控制策略理论的正确性。     

Reliability-based robust assessment for multiobjective optimization design of improving occupant restraint system performance

Optimal performance of vehicle occupant restraint system (ORS) requires an accurate assessment of occupant injury values including head, neck and chest responses, etc. To provide a feasible framework for incorporating occupant injury characteristics into the ORS design schemes, this paper presents a reliability-based robust approach for the development of the ORS. The uncertainties of design variables are addressed and the general formulations of reliable and robust design are given in the optimization process. The ORS optimization is a highly nonlinear and large scale problem. In order to save the computational cost, an optimal sampling strategy is applied to generate sample points at the stage of design of experiment (DOE). Further, to efficiently obtain a robust approximation, the support vector regression (SVR) is suggested to construct the surrogate model in the vehicle ORS design process. The multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is used for obtaining the Pareto optimal set with emphasis on resolving conflicting requirements from some of the objectives and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method is applied to perform the reliability and robustness analysis. The differences of three different Pareto fronts of the deterministic, reliable and robust multiobjective optimization designs are compared and analyzed in this study. Finally, the reliability-based robust optimization result is verified by using sled system test. The result shows that the proposed reliability-based robust optimization design is efficient in solving ORS design optimization problems.     

土的自适应应力认识与研究

设计了一种0K状态不同等应变或等应力速率连续对土样轴向加载的单轴固结试验方案,该试验方案可让土样同时经受不同荷重率、应力历时、应力路径、应力历程的作用。经过对重塑饱和黄土的单轴连续加荷、三轴连续加荷、分级加荷单轴固结试验研究,结果表明:若定义土在单轴压缩不同侧向约束条件下反应的侧压力为自适应应力;单轴侧限压缩试验主动施加的竖向压力与实测的侧向土压力之差为土的自适应剪应力,除了不受孔隙水压力的影响外,更重要的是,实测与分析结果证明,土的单轴侧限压缩应变量与自定义的自适应剪应力具有唯一的影响关系。