引黄灌区跨地区水权转让补偿 标准的研究

针对黄河流域引黄灌区的跨地区水权转让补偿标准的定量问题,探讨了转让费用构成中的农业风险补偿、生态补偿、水管单位补偿的含义和计算方法,并以内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市引黄灌区的水权转让一期项目为实例,通过计算得出3项补偿费用为889.92万元/年,在25年水权转让期内应付出的补偿费用为22 248万元,水的转让价格平均增加补偿费用为3.45元/m3。对黄河流域水权转让费用构成中的补偿费用进行准确的定量计算,将会进一步推动水权转让更加科学合理的实施,并为引黄灌区的健康持续发展奠定基础。     

Monitoring access to water in rural areas based on the human right to water framework: a local level case study in Nicaragua

Much effort has gone into the recognition of the human right to water. Without doubt, this milestone influences governance and decision making processes at many scales so it is essential now to shift the discussion from the legal and conceptual framework to practice. Along this line, the article proposes a methodology for monitoring access to water in rural areas using the framework of this human right. The practicality of the approach is demonstrated by a case study carried out in Nicaragua. Different criteria of the right to water were included in surveys and structured interviews that were conducted in rural households and water committees, respectively. A discussion analyzes the advantages and challenges of using this framework. Finally, the approach provides elements for policy making that can be used by different stakeholders in the development and human rights sectors.     

以节水和水资源优化配置为目标的水权交易机制设计

对无交易机制、市场交易机制和政府主导交易机制3 种状态下水权交易的资源配置效率和节水效果进行了分析与比较。首先运用简单的个体决策模型来分析比较无交易机制状态和市场交易机制状态下的资源配置效率和节水效果;其次运用两阶段博弈模型分析政府主导交易机制下的个体最优决策所导致的资源配置效率和节水效果。分析结果表明在参与人目标收益最大化约束前提下,市场交易机制只能实现水资源的优化配置却不能促进节水,而政府主导交易机制在实现水资源优化配置上更有效率,而且在一定条件下可能促进节水。最后通过数值模拟演示了上述分析结构,并运用美国加州和德州的水权交易数据进一步验证了本文结论。     

Wing crack model subjected to high hydraulic pressure and far field stresses and its numerical simulation

By considering the effect of hydraulic pressure filled in wing crack and the connected part of main crack on the stress intensity factor at wing crack tip, a new wing crack model exerted by hydraulic pressure and far field stresses was proposed. By introducing the equivalent crack length l _eq of wing crack, two terms make up the stress intensity factor K _I at wing crack tip: one is the component K _I⁽¹⁾ for a single isolated straight wing crack of length 2l subjected to hydraulic pressure in wing crack and far field stresses, and the other is the component K _I⁽²⁾ due to the effective shear stress induced by the presence of the equivalent main crack. The FEM model of wing crack propagation subjected to hydraulic pressure and far field stresses was also established according to different side pressure coefficients and hydraulic pressures in crack. The result shows that a good agreement is found between theoretical model of wing crack proposed and finite element method (FEM). In theory, an unstable crack propagation is shown if there is high hydraulic pressure and lateral tension. The wing crack model proposed can provide references for studying on hydraulic fracturing in rock masses.     

法律拟制的人格权研究

法律的发展是一个社会文明进步、依法治国的过程,也是一个人们权利意识觉醒并不断寻求权益保护的过程。近代以来,特别是第二次世界大战以后对作为主体权益重要内容的人格权益的反思与进一步的发展使人格权益愈加被重视。加之当今世界经济的发展、社会日益复杂,人格权益受到威胁的范围和深度随之增加,对于人格权益的诉求也延伸到更高层次。人格权益的保护推动着人格权权益研究的不断深入,也使得人格权相关立法不断完善。由于无民事行为能力人和限制民事行为能力人的特殊性,使得人格权的法律保护又有显著不同,探索此种情况下的人格权保护将对正处于社会转型期的中国人格权研究产生巨大影响。     

企业参与职业教育校企合作的立法保障研究

职业教育校企合作无论是目前状态的民事关系,还是将来可能被纳入公法的调整范围,都需要法律法规的规范性文件予以指引和强制实施。克服企业不能积极主动建立校企合作关系的弊端,需要设定强制性义务规定及相应的权利规范,以推动企业参与承担职业教育的社会责任。     

公益性数字图书馆法定许可制度研究——以信息网络传播权为视角

公益性数字图书馆因便捷、高效、低成本等优势迅速发展。它能使社会公众方便快捷地接触海量知识信息,但却受到了信息网络传播权的限制。文章从公益性数字图书馆与著作权之间的冲突分析入手,以平衡利益、促进文化传播的宗旨为考量,论证公益性数字图书馆法定许可的可行性,进而提出了公益性数字图书馆法定许可的具体制度建议。     

工程价款优先受偿权保障债权范围研究

工程价款优先受偿权的理论基础是增值理论与特定的产业保护政策。对工程建设有益的债权应纳入保障范围,拟采工程全部发生款说,包括工程建设的利润、违约赔偿金和损害赔偿金,但这种排他性权利会对第三人权利的实现构成威胁,应限制在合理的范围内,以达至优先权人和第三人利益的平衡。     

黄登水电站泄洪消能试验研究

简述了黄登水电站可行性研究阶段枢纽泄洪消能防冲试验,水垫塘为定床和护岸不护底两种试验情况,对溢流表孔及左右岸放空底孔体型的优化。     

大化水电站扩建工程上游翼墙设计及工程处理

根据大化水电站扩建工程枢纽布置的需要,引水渠右侧、接头土石坝坡脚处设置了一段圆弧型翼墙,因基础地质较差,采取了一系列工程处理措施,经过两年多时间的运行,证明上游翼墙设计合理、工程处理合适。