非晶碳化硅薄膜的结构及其光学特性研究

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积系统制备非晶碳化硅薄膜,通过控制反应气体中甲烷和硅烷的流量比R来调节薄膜中的碳/硅比,获得具有不同碳/硅比的薄膜结构.采用Raman、XPS以及FT-IR等技术手段对样品的结构进行表征.通过对样品吸收谱的测量,对样品的光学特性进行了研究.研究结果表明,薄膜中C-H键以及Si-C键含量的增加引起薄膜的光学带隙展宽,在R=10时薄膜的光学带隙达到2.4 eV.     

Additive Element Effects on Electronic Conductivity of Zirconium Oxide Film

A theoretical study on the electronic structure of zirconium oxide using a molecular orbital method was carried out to investigate the additive element effects on the electronic conductivity of oxide film formed on Zr-alloys. The atomic clusters used were (MZri₁₂O₈)³⁶⁺(M=Zr, 3d-transition metals and alkali metals). To simulate the electron conduction process in the oxide, calculations for a cluster with oxygen vacancy (V0) were also carried out. The energy gap E_g between electron-occupied and empty levels was evaluated, and the electronic conductivity was estimated qualitatively. Opposite effects on the electronic conductivity were found for additions of 3d-transition metals and alkali metals. The latter increased the electronic conductivity by forming impurity levels with small E_Q. The former, however, induced compressive strain in the oxide, resulting in a lowering of electronic conductivity due to widening of the energy gap at the oxygen vacancy.     

A review of nanofluid heat transfer and critical heat flux enhancement—Research gap to engineering application

As a novel strategy to improve heat transfer characteristics of fluids by the addition of solid particles with diameters below 100 nm, nanofluids exhibit unprecedented heat transfer properties and are being considered as potential working fluids to be used in high heat flux systems such as electronic cooling systems, solar collectors, heat pipes, and nuclear reactors. The present paper reviews the state-of-the-art nanofluid studies on such topics as thermo-physical properties, convective heat transfer performance, boiling heat transfer performance, and critical heat flux (CHF) enhancement. It is indicated that the current experimental data of nanofluids thermal properties are neither sufficient nor reliable for engineering applications. Some inconsistent or contradictory results related to thermo-physical properties, convective heat transfer performance, boiling heat transfer performance, and CHF enhancement of nanofluids are found in data published in the literature. No comprehensive theory explains the energy transfer processes in nanofluids. To bridge the research gaps for nanofluids' engineering application, the urgent work are suggested as follows. (1) Nanofluid stability under both quiescent and flow conditions should be evaluated carefully; (2) A nanofluid database of thermo-physical properties, including detailed characterization of nanoparticle sizes, distribution, and additives or stabilizers (if used), should be established, in a worldwide cooperation of researchers; (3) More experimental and numerical studies on the interaction of suspended nanoparticles and boundary layers should be performed to uncover the mechanism behind convective heat transfer enhancement by nanofluids; (4) Bubble dynamics of boiling nanofluids should be investigated experimentally and numerically, together with surface tension effects, by considering the influences of nanoparticles and additives if used, to identify the exact contributions of solid surface modifications and suspended nanoparticles to CHF enhancement in boiling heat transfer. Once we acquire such details about the above key issues, we will gain more confidence in conducting application studies of nanofluids in different areas with more efficiency.     

熔融物与下封头间球形窄缝通道内CHF理论研究

严重事故下熔融物与下封头间球形窄缝通道的存在对于下封头结构的完整性有一定的积极意义。本工作通过理论分析,在汽液两相间逆向对流限制机理的基础上提出了球形窄缝通道内的CHF机理模型和预测关系式,预测结果与实验数据符合较好,验证了所建模型的正确性,并进一步分析了系统压力、熔融物半径、间隙尺寸等关键参数对临界热流密度的影响规律。利用本工作的预测模型对三哩岛（TMI-2）事故后堆芯熔融物特性进行了计算分析,结果表明,熔融物与下封头内壁面间的球形窄缝可有效带走堆芯余热,保证了下封头的完整性。     

四辊轧机电液辊缝系统变刚度建模与控制研究

针对轧机压下缸行程变化带来的变刚度问题,借助轧制区动力学关系的引入,讨论了四辊轧机辊缝控制的机电液系统数学模型和控制要点。通过仿真与实测对比,验证了模型的有效性;以全工况下系统响应特性一致为目标,通过引入位移正反馈补偿,得到了改善大范围变刚度辊缝控制系统响应的方法;实测数据表明,所述方法能满足目标要求。最后简要讨论了用于提高板厚精度的自适应模型控制方法,并给出了实例。     

MPS中速磨煤机磨辊磨损机理研究

在半工业性运行试验条件下,对ＭＰＳ磨煤机磨辊的磨损机理进行了进一步模拟磨损试验。结果表明：尽管磨辊表面内外侧的磨损形貌特征存在较明显的差异,但其磨损机理却很相似,都为切削磨损、塑变疲劳磨损和脆性相断裂三种机制并存,且都以切削磨损为主,所不同的只是磨料对磨辊外侧区域的切削磨损作用远比对其内侧区域强烈,且切削方向也比内侧区域更加集中一致,这也正是磨辊在使用过程中内外侧磨损速率产生明显差异的根本原因。这种差异是由磨机本身的结构特点和运行特性所决定的。     

高海拔地区典型长空气间隙的操作冲击放电特性和海拔校正

研究棒-板和棒-棒空气间隙等典型的空气间隙的放电特性和海拔校正,不仅可为高海拔地区输变电工程空气间隙距离的选择提供参考,而且可为更高海拔地区空气间隙放电电压的海拔校正提供依据。为此,在海拔高度为0m、2 200m、3 000m、4 300m和5 000m的地区,对不同间隙距离的棒-板和棒-棒典型长空气间隙进行了标准操作冲击放电特性试验。根据试验结果计算分析了不同海拔地区典型的棒-板和棒-棒间隙的操作冲击放电电压的海拔校正因数。将IEC 60071-2标准中规定的放电电压海拔校正方法适用范围外延至海拔高度5 000m,对棒-板间隙的放电电压的海拔校正因数进行了计算。试验结果表明,随着海拔高度的升高,棒-板和棒-棒间隙的操作冲击放电电压都降低,棒-棒间隙放电电压的降低幅度要大于棒-板间隙。根据IEC 60071-2标准对海拔校正因数的计算结果在海拔高度为2 200m的地区与试验结果基本一致;但随着海拔高度的增加,计算结果与试验结果的差别越来越大:在海拔高度为4 300m和5 000m的地区,间隙距离约为2m时,计算结果比试验结果小10%以上。     

利用复式原胞实现二维光子晶体中的完全带隙

为了实现二维光子晶体的完全带隙，采用不同结构的复式原胞，构成了一种复式光子晶体．用多重散射的方法，分别计算了不同占空比和内部参数，以及当光沿不同方向入射时s偏振波和p偏振波的透过谱．从理论上论证了在这种复式原胞的光子晶体中，只要选择合适的内部参数和占空比，就可以在二维复式光子晶体中达到三维光子晶体效果，即获得到完全带隙．     

双边剪-剖分剪夹送辊运送钢板状态分析

本文从理论上分析了夹送辊夹持钢板时的受力情况,结合夹送辊运输钢板的状态解释了几种常见钢板跑偏现象,为夹送辊的跑偏调整提供了一些理论依据.     

相位图法研究光子晶体的禁带

给出了一种判断一维光子晶体禁带位置的相位图,利用扩展相位图可方便地描述光子晶体的禁带位置和禁带特征.研究发现,当光子晶体为1/4波片层堆时,光子晶体的禁带最宽;若要进一步展宽禁带,需提高构成周期单元的两种介质的折射率比.对于一般的光子晶体,若周期单元中两种介质的光学厚度不等,则其禁带中心将偏离中心频率的整数倍.此外还研究了禁带中心区的透射率,给出了中心频率附近透射率的一级近似解析解,并由此定性讨论了Fabry-Perot腔的谱线宽度和品质因子.