Motivation in a task situation as a function of ability and control over the task.

102 psychology students participated in the task of constructing and validating an "academic aptitude test." Training (level of ability) and amount of control over the task were manipulated in a 2 X 2 factorial design. For untrained Ss, performance was positively related to control. The performance of trained Ss was negatively related to control, contrary to prediction. This reversal was tentatively attributed to unintended "side effects" of the training manipulation. As predicted, expected success was positively related to training, perceived ability, and perceived control. A manipulation of success and failure in the task led to results consistent with predictions: Success produced incerases in satisfaction and perceived ability, while failure led to decreases in perceived ability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some more on the Samoans.

Comments on Abraham S. Levine's article "After the Samoans Come of Age" (see record 1958-06043-001.) The author of this comment points out that some of Levine's observations and questions would have been easily answered with a bit of additional inquiry and insight into the Samoan background. Several instances in the original article are discussed. The author of the comment finds the original article an excellent addendum to the literature on Samoans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Over- and underachievement and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule.

Does the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule differentiate between under- and overachievers? How does an aptitude test battery compare with 3 achievement tests and high school standing as a basis for determining over and underachievement? "Two samples, each consisting of 120 Ss were selected; the samples were termed aptitude-based and performance-based. 73 Ss were in both samples.... there were 20 Ss [college freshmen] at each of three levels of expected performance for both over- and underachievement groups." Differences between groups were found according to the Edwards. "For the purposes of selection, the EPPS and certain evidences of past performance are functionally equivalent." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Schmidt, Hunter, and Pearlman.

Reports an error in the original article by Schmidt et al. (Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 66(2) Apr 1981, 166-185.). On page 169, Table 2 has an error. The values of the mean observed validity and mean true validity for the memory test type in job family B should be .20 and .42, respectively (not .42 and .43). (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1981-22525-001.) Two studies, with a total sample size of 400,000 Ss and with the US Department of Labor's Dictionary of Occupational Job Titles (1977), examined the traditional belief that between-job task differences cause aptitude tests to be valid for some jobs but not for others. Results indicate that aptitude tests are valid across jobs, since the moderating effect of tasks(a) is negligible even when jobs differ grossly in task makeup and (b) is probably nonexistent when task differences are less extreme. Findings have implications for validity generalization, the use of task-oriented job analysis in selection research, criterion construction, moderator research, and proper interpretation of the US's Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures. It is concluded that the belief that tasks are important moderators of test validities can be traced to behaviorist assumptions introduced into personnel psychology in the early 1960's and that, in retrospect, these assumptions are false. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

经营者资质评价系统的设计与实现

阐述了经营者资质评价系统的总体结构，并对各功能模块、关键技术及主要算法作了详细描述，同时给出了其具体程序以说明实现方法。     

法学本科分类教学问题研究

随着法学高等教育的发展,法学本科教学中存在的问题越来越多,如何改革法学本科教学现状,使其与时俱进,适应社会发展需要,是当前法学教育领域研究的一个热点问题。法学本科分类教学是法学教育改革的方式之一,通过分类教学的研究和实施,可以探索构建现行法学教育体制下符合素质教育的指导思想,体现因材施教、因需施教的新型教学组织模式,促进素质教育的发展。     

Some differential effects of race of rater and ratee on early peer ratings of combat aptitude.

Peer ratings of combat potential made by 669 Caucasian and Negro army recruits of the squad members were examined. The hypothesis that ratees would receive higher ratings from members of their own race than from members of another race was supported (p     

电工作业人员职业适性检测指标研究

采用德尔菲（ Ｄｅｌｐｈｉ） 法对电工作业人员职业适性指标进行了研究。咨询专家根据各备择指标对工作重要性及与发生事故的关系进行了咨询。结果表明：专家积极程度与意见集中程度良好;事故重要性与工作重要性排序一致性良好,两者呈高度正相关。依据专家对重要性的排序,再通过专家会议与现场考证等方法,最终确定了电工作业人员职业适性检测指标体系。     

熔融挤压成形工艺制造复杂头盔

熔融挤压成开（ＭＥＭ）是快速成形（ＲＰ）技术中的一种重要工艺,也是目前发展最迅速的ＲＰ工艺。清华大学激光快速成形中心利用自主开发的最新设备ＭＥＭ－２５０－Ⅱ制造了世界最新型陆军航空兵头盔的原型。从喷头、数据处理软件、控制软件等方面论述了这个复杂原型的制造过程。