Characteristics of Schottky Barrier Junction Based on Hexagonal Microtube ZnO

Hexagonal microtube ZnO was firstly grown on single crystal p-Si (111) substrates by hydrothermal method, and fabricated Ag/n-ZnO and Au/n-ZnO Schottky junction. Schottky effective barrier heights were calculated by I-V measurement. It is confirmed that the presence of a large amount of surface states related possibly to lattice imperfections existed near the surface leads to the pinning of the surface Fermi level at 0.35 eV below the conduction-band edge. Then the fabricated Schottky barrier junctions are evaluated for their use as UV photodetectors.     

遵义后坝奥陶系红花园组油苗岩石轻烃特征分析

遵义后坝奥陶系红花园组生物碎屑灰岩中发现油苗和沥青,经过气/源岩、沥青/源岩对比,震旦、寒武及奥陶系产层轻烃C₆₊₇结构组成基本一致,奥陶系含油苗灰岩轻烃星图与震旦系泥岩、寒武系沥青砂岩星图较为相似,显示红花园组油苗主要来源于震旦系和下古生界过成熟或高成熟海相烃源岩,油气经历了较长距离的运移,得以在奥陶系中保存下来。这对评价该地区油气前景有重要意义,预示着可能存在一套特殊的含油气组合,存在以O₁h古风化壳储集层为目的层的勘探领域。在兴文—叙永一线以西地区现今下古生界储盖组合保存良好,在适当的构造圈闭中可形成油气藏。志留系和二叠系产层轻烃C₆₊₇与震旦系、寒武系及奥陶系等产层轻烃C₆₊₇明显有别,星图对比性差,表征它们之间成烃母质或沉积环境均有不同。      

俄罗斯圣彼得堡防潮工程建设的若干历史经验

本文系统介绍了俄罗斯圣彼得堡防潮工程规划的发展过程、工程的布置、组成以及工程的设计和当前施工的进展情况.圣彼得堡防潮工程是圣彼得堡城市建设的重要保障,在各个历史时期均得到了俄罗斯各级政府的高度重视.工程的规划、设计和施工建设过程反映了俄罗斯人对防潮管理、人水和谐相处和工程建设中对环境保护认识的发展过程.对圣彼得堡防潮工程建设经验的分析、总结,将对我国水利工作者和位于河口地区的城市防潮和防洪建设与管理起到积极的借鉴作用.     

新疆叶尔羌河中游渠首工程地基处理设计

叶尔羌河洪水动态规律极为复杂,以其极高的起涨速率、异常的高洪峰值闻名于世。中游渠首地基是粘粒极少、极松散的粉细沙层。针对其特点,采用振冲挤密砂石桩、防渗防冲连续墙、抗冲柔性土工布金属网格石笼等综合处理措施进行设计。     

ON THE CALCULATION OF FLOW OVER AND THROUGH A ROCK-FILL DAM

1.INTRODUCTIONInthedesignofanovertoppedrock--filldam,oneofthemajortasksistodecidethesizeofthedownstreamprotection.Theovertoppedrock--filldamismadeofporousmedia,thereforethewaterwillpenetrateintothedamfromtheupperfaceandemergeoutofitfromthelowerpart,whileitflowsoverthedam.Hence,theprotectionissubjectedtotheactionofboththeoverflowandtheseepageflow,andneitherofthemcanbenegligible.Inthiscase,theflowfieldconsistsoftwoparts:theopenflowandtheseepageflow,whichhavedifferentproperties.Infact,forthe…     

冰塞渗流阻力特性的实验研究

冰塞引起的上下游水位变化与内部水流阻力有关,其堆积演变形成的固液多孔介质中存在渗流问题,且渗流阻力对上下游水头压力具有一定影响。本研究基于实验室冰水力学模型实验,通过设定不同的水力条件,获取不同冰塞剖面形状及沿冰塞剖面累积方向冰盖下流速分布,采用非达西渗流理论对冰塞内渗流阻力进行率定,获得了渗流阻力能量损失的变化特征。结果表明,渗流阻力能量损失占总能量损失的比例为11%～21%,冰厚较大位置可达到42%,沿冰塞累积方向,渗流能量损失占比与冰厚和水深之比呈典型的正相关。渗流流量为河道内重要的槽蓄水量,孔隙率在0.39～0.51之间,冰厚与水深之比在0.6～1.4之间时,渗流流量占总流量的9%～26%。渗流流量的变化受孔隙率、冰塞结构及水力特征等共同影响,冰颗粒均匀且随机堆积情况下,冰塞厚度越厚,冰体排列越紧密,孔隙率和渗流系数越小,流体通过多孔介质的比表面积越大,渗流能量损失也越多。本研究进一步明晰了冰塞阻力机理及渗流阻力在冰塞中的重要性,为受凌汛灾害困扰流域解决实际问题提供理论科学依据。     

白格堰塞湖抢险处置应急管理与经验启示

基于2018年金沙江白格堰塞湖应急处置工作,全面总结了部际联合会商、央地协同联动等应急抢险工作机制,深入分析了金沙江中游梯级水库群联合调度削峰对防灾减灾所发挥的重要作用。研究表明,若无梨园水库拦蓄,将可能新增淹没面积约160 km²,必对沿江两岸造成更大的损失。据此认识到,迅速获取堰塞湖信息是抢险处置的前提,快速研判堰塞湖风险是重要支撑,精准分析溃决洪水是核心技术,协同联动工作机制是基本保证,动态抢险工程管理是科学方法,完善的高坝水库群是应对洪灾的根本手段。进而提出加强乏信息条件下堰塞湖多源信息快速获取与处理技术、乏信息条件下风险快速研判技术能力、抢险处置专用装备研发、抢险工程统筹管理和协同联动体系完善、高坝水库群开发建设和风险防控与应急调度体系建设等建议,为堰塞湖应急管理水平提升和流域综合防灾减灾提供借鉴。     

Population effect of a large‐scale stream restoration effort on Chinook salmon in the Pahsimeroi River,Idaho

Stream habitat restoration is an important tool for fisheries management in impaired lotic systems. Although small‐scale benefits of stream habitat restoration are commonly investigated, it is difficult to demonstrate population effects. The Pahsimeroi River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha population was previously restricted to the lower portion of the river by multiple irrigation structures. To address fish passage issues, a combination of restoration projects was initiated including barrier removals, instream flow enhancements and installation of fish screens on diversions. The largest barrier was removed in 2009, more than doubling the amount of accessible linear habitat. We hypothesized restoration efforts would expand the distribution of spawning salmon in the Pahsimeroi River watershed, leading to a broader distribution of juveniles. We also hypothesized a broader juvenile distribution would have population effects by reducing the prevalence of density‐dependent growth and survival. Redds were documented in newly accessible habitat immediately following barrier removal and accounted for a median of 42% of all redds in the Pahsimeroi River watershed during 2009–2015. Snorkel surveys also documented juvenile rearing in newly accessible habitat. Juvenile productivity increased from a median of 64 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2002–2008 to 99 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2009–2014. Overall, results suggested increased habitat accessibility in the Pahsimeroi River broadened the distribution of spawning adult and rearing juvenile salmon and reduced the effects of density‐dependent survival. Large‐scale stream restoration efforts can have a population effect. Despite the large‐scale effort and response, habitat restoration alone is likely not sufficient to restore this population.     

某抽水蓄能电站上水库防渗帷幕深度优选研究

针对某抽水蓄能电站上水库地质条件较为复杂、库区存在两条由库内延伸到库外的中等宽度断层、副坝区基岩弱风化层较厚的特点,以及设计防渗方案不合理的问题,根据上库工程坝址区的地质结构、地形地貌及防渗帷幕设计,建立了三维有限元渗流分析模型。首先通过参数及地下水位反演确定了库区基岩的渗透系数和水库特征点处的地下水位,然后在设计防渗方案的基础上计算分析了不同防渗帷幕深度对库区渗流场、渗透流量及各部位渗透坡降的影响,并根据分析结果对防渗帷幕深度进行了方案优选。结果表明：河床断层附近和库周断层及副坝附近的防渗帷幕深度可增大10 m,左、右坝肩帷幕深度可分别减少10 m并降低至3 Lu标准,库周非断层及副坝附近的防渗帷幕深度可减少10 m。研究结果可为类似工程防渗帷幕深度方案的优选提供参考。