基坑开挖工程管涌发生过程的模拟

基于对基坑渗流场特性的分析研究 ,提出使用有限元迭代搜索方法模拟基坑工程管涌发生过程 ,对搜索条件等问题进行了探讨。针对基坑工程典型工况 ,进行管涌发展过程的模拟 ,分析了管涌的发生和发展所引起渗流场的显著变化及其对稳定和变形可能产生的危害性 ,同时也说明管涌发展过程分析对渗流控制研究的重要性     

堤防设计中的非稳定渗流计算

江河堤防必须考虑河水涨落的非稳定渗流来设计最经济可靠的渗控措施，本文按照河水洪峰在堤身内引起的浸湿(润)线前锋推进图案，引导出任何洪峰过程中堤身内浸湿距离的计算公式，包括不透水和透水堤基以及有防渗措施的堤基。计算公式与河堤渗透试验和数值计算结果互相对比是一致的。对于特殊情况，正弦曲线的典型洪峰，也给出了简便的浸湿距离计算公式。同时还给出了考虑非饱和土的吸力作用的计算公式以及在洪峰过程中堤后渗水量计算公式。     

Design of epitaxial Metal/AiAs/GaAs structures for enhancement of the schottky barrier height

Enhancement of the Schottky barrier height was obtained in MBE grown (CoAl or NiAl)/ AlAs/GaAs heterostructures by incorporating ultra thin AlAs layers between the metal and GaAs. By varying the AlAs thickness from 0 to 10 nm the effective barrier height, determined by current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements, could be tailored from 0.76 eV to 1.1 eV. Internal photoemission measurements were performed to verify the 1.1 eV barrier height. The temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristics showed that thermionic emission was the dominant transport mechanism for all thicknesses of AlAs. The results were consistant with transport through the X-band of AlAs.     

Incompleteness,Complexity, Randomness and Beyond

Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems have the same scientific status as Einstein's principle of relativity, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, and Watson and Crick's double helix model of DNA. Our aim is to discuss some new faces of the incompleteness phenomenon unveiled by an information-theoretic approach to randomness and recent developments in quantum computing.     

振动沉模板墙技术在滹沱河堤防加固工程中的应用

振动沉模板墙技术是一项新的防渗技术。该技术在应用中出现了一些问题 ,本文针对具体工程 ,对这些问题产生的原因及解决方法进行了初步探讨 ,对今后更好的应用该技术提供了一个借鉴     

Optimized design of multilayer barrier films incorporating a reactive layer. III. Case analysis and generalized multilayer solutions

In part III of this series of articles, we present the analysis of transient permeation through two‐layer reactive–passive (RP) film designs, the analysis extension to multilayer structures, and optimized design solutions for multilayer barriers incorporating immobile noncatalytic oxygen scavenger within one of the layers. The reduction of oxygen ingress into a package within a certain timeframe depends on two factors: extension of the scavenger exhaustion time and reduction of the transient transmission rate through the film during that time. The optimal design for the scavenger exhaustion time involves exposure of the reactive layer to the package contents and its protection from high levels of environmental oxygen by the best possible passive barrier layer. The film barrier properties can be further optimized by the selection of the matrix material to place the scavenger in. Reducing the initial transmission rate requires the placement of the scavenger within a layer with the lowest diffusivity of the matrix polymer. When one chooses between two layers with different material transport properties in which to put the scavenger, the optimal solution for the ingress depends on the desired time to provide an improved barrier. The lifetime of the scavenger in the RP film is shortened for design 1, when the diffusivity of the reactive layer is smaller than that of the passive layer, compared to RP design 2, with the layer matrix sequence reversed, but the transient transmission rate is greatly reduced on average for the former. If the desired time to provide a barrier does not exceed the scavenger exhaustion time for RP design 1, the lowest diffusivity material should be used as a matrix for the innermost layer loaded with the scavenger. Otherwise, the highest possible passive barrier should be placed into the film external layer to minimize the total ingress during longer times. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1966–1977, 2006     

用流泵测定土的渗透系数

近年来美国的一些实验室，开始将流泵（ｆｌｏｗｐｕｍｐ）用于渗透仪，以代替传统的渗流试验装置。与达西渗透仪相比，用流泵测定土的渗透系数，不仅操作简便易行，试验时间大为节省，而且试验结果稳定可靠，精度高，试验的可重复性强。     

高碾压混凝土重力坝防渗结构型式研究

针对碾压混凝土及碾压混凝土坝的渗流特性，结合碾压混凝土坝防渗设计的主要原则，评述了国内外碾压混凝土筑坝过程中所采用的主要防渗结构形式，并总结出能满足渗控要求，又能充分发挥碾压混凝土施工特长的高碾压混凝土重力坝的防渗结构的形式和优选渗控设计方案。     

EPS材料在桥头软基处理中的技术经济分析

采用EPS超轻质材料填筑路堤,通过与其他处理方式比较,结果表明,EPS材料在深厚软土地基低填方路堤中具有良好经济性和处理效果。     

Stereological estimation of surface area and barrier thickness of fish gills in vertical sections

Previous morphometric methods for estimation of the volume of components, surface area and thickness of the diffusion barrier in fish gills have taken advantage of the highly ordered structure of these organs for sampling and surface area estimations, whereas the thickness of the diffusion barrier has been measured orthogonally on perpendicularly sectioned material at subjectively selected sites. Although intuitively logical, these procedures do not have a demonstrated mathematical basis, do not involve random sampling and measurement techniques, and are not applicable to the gills of all fish. The present stereological methods apply the principles of surface area estimation in vertical uniform random sections to the gills of the Brazilian teleost Arapaima gigas. The tissue was taken from the entire gill apparatus of the right‐hand or left‐hand side (selected at random) of the fish by systematic random sampling and embedded in glycol methacrylate for light microscopy. Arches from the other side were embedded in Epoxy resin. Reference volume was estimated by the Cavalieri method in the same vertical sections that were used for surface density and volume density measurements. The harmonic mean barrier thickness of the water‐blood diffusion barrier was calculated from measurements taken along randomly selected orientation lines that were sine‐weighted relative to the vertical axis. The values thus obtained for the anatomical diffusion factor (surface area divided by barrier thickness) compare favourably with those obtained for other sluggish fish using existing methods.