面向染料清洁生产和染料废水处理的纳滤技术

综述了纳滤膜对含盐染料溶液的分离原理、纳滤膜的选择、纳滤脱盐浓缩工艺过程与应用研究、纳滤处理染料废水与资源化方面的应用研究、纳滤技术的经济性以及应用过程中膜污染的控制。指出利用纳滤技术改进染料生产工艺是可行的,能够实现染料清洁生产,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益;采用纳滤处理染料废水,浓缩液和透过液可以分开处理,易于资源化,并且有利于染料废水的后继处理,是高浓度高含盐染料废水的一种有效处理方法。     

从废钼合金催化剂中提取钼等有价元素方法的研究

ＭｏＣｏＮｉ合金料首先氧化焙烧碱浸出，滤饼再加纯碱焙烧水浸出使钼与钴镍分离，最后用萃取法分离钴镍的工艺流程，对废钼合金催化剂进行了综合回收。采用该工艺流程和生产线分别生产出合格的工业级钼酸钠、氧化钴和氧化镍。     

膜淤塞对微滤的油水分离性能的影响

本文报道了用微滤分离乳化含油废水的研究，利用微滤过程中膜淤塞的特点，显著地提高了油水的分离效率，同时维持较高的水透过率。文章讨论了油水分离的机理，并根据实验结果提出流体中适当的油粒粒径分布，是获得较好分离效果的重要条件。本研究表明了在一定下，可以用水透过率较高、操作成本降低的微滤取代超滤。     

钇、钪分离工艺的新进展

本文简要介绍中国科学院长春应用化学研究所近年来在钇、钪分离工艺研究方面的新进展。     

红外车辆分离子系统的设计和性能分析

在机动车磁卡收费系统中,红外车辆分离子系统是一种重要设备,它是由平行等距红外线族构成的平面检测系统,其性能直接影响收费系统的正常运转。本文介绍该子系统的设计并对系统性能进行分析,得出:子系统采取相关检测技术后,不仅能有效地抑制外界干扰、噪声,还具有抗相邻红外信号干扰能力。     

基于品质函数估计的非线性盲源分离算法

研究非线性盲源信号分离优化问题。由于混合信号同时包含超高斯和亚高斯信号且混合信号具有很强的非线性时,传统的非线性盲源分离算法中对于品质函数的选取一般都是通过经验,现有算法难以取得理想的分离效果。在Pearson模型的基础上提出了一种新的估计品质函数的方法,算法能够成功地估计出次高斯(sub-Gaussian)和超高斯(super-Gaussi-an)混合信号的品质函数,同时克服了Pearson模型对同类信号只能估计得到相同的品质函数的缺陷,提高了算法的估计精度。通过在MATLAB仿真验证了算法的可行性和有效性,成功估计出源信号的品质函数且实现了非线性盲源分离。     

Continuous electromagnetic separation of inclusion from aluminum melt using alternating current

A novel scheme about the continuous electromagnetic purification of aluminum melt was put forward based on the utilization of a square separation pipe and a 50 Hz alternating current to produce electromagnetic force. It is experimentally found that with electrical current of 400 A/cm^2, it takes only 10 s to remove 95% inclusion from aluminum melt. Comprehensive numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the dynamics mechanisms behind the process. The results show that the removal of inclusion is attributed to the cooperative effects of electromagnetic buoyancy and the secondary flow induced by the rotational electromagnetic force, and the removal efficient increases with the size of inclusion and the electrical current imposed. Theoretical predictions on the distribution and removal efficiency of inclusion were supported by the experiments.     

Integration of Data from Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation Databases Highlights Concentration and Dosage Sensitivity of LLPS Drivers

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a molecular process that leads to the formation of membraneless organelles, representing functionally specialized liquid-like cellular condensates formed by proteins and nucleic acids. Integrating the data on LLPS-associated proteins from dedicated databases revealed only modest agreement between them and yielded a high-confidence dataset of 89 human LLPS drivers. Analysis of the supporting evidence for our dataset uncovered a systematic and potentially concerning difference between protein concentrations used in a good fraction of the in vitro LLPS experiments, a key parameter that governs the phase behavior, and the proteomics-derived cellular abundance levels of the corresponding proteins. Closer scrutiny of the underlying experimental data enabled us to offer a sound rationale for this systematic difference, which draws on our current understanding of the cellular organization of the proteome and the LLPS process. In support of this rationale, we find that genes coding for our human LLPS drivers tend to be dosage-sensitive, suggesting that their cellular availability is tightly regulated to preserve their functional role in direct or indirect relation to condensate formation. Our analysis offers guideposts for increasing agreement between in vitro and in vivo studies, probing the roles of proteins in LLPS.     

非线性波作用下潜堤周围的流体分离与涡流结构

采用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）和基于雷诺时均纳维尔-斯托克斯方程（RANS）的数值模型研究了斯托克斯二阶波作用下抛石基床矩型潜堤周围的流体分离与涡流结构。越堤前后试验波面发生了非线性变形,迎浪面波形的不对称度和偏度分别为-0.21和0.04,波面前倾,背浪面波形的不对称度和偏度分别为-0.39和0.99,相对于垂直轴和水平轴的不对称性更显著。由PIV数据得到的相平均速度场和涡量场显示,迎浪面和背浪面周期性地生成顺时针涡和逆时针涡,但均未能充分发展,由随后到来的变向水流携带与自由液面或结构表面相互作用而耗散。迎浪区域的涡对运动范围较窄,局限于距离堤面约0.5倍Keulegan-Carpenter数的范围内,波能损耗小,背浪区域的涡对扩散范围较大,局限于距离堤背约1倍Keulegan-Carpenter数范围内,波能损耗大。迎浪基肩上存在一个小型环流系统,影响范围约2个水质点运动轨迹,可能引起局部冲刷。基于RANS-VOF（Volume of Fluid）格式构建了数值波浪水槽,借助试验数据探讨了不同造波方法的适用性和海绵层的消能效果,进一步研究了边界层的分离现象。数值结果表明,涡旋的涡量供应主要来自于结构表面的剪切边界层,而这些反旋涡量是由前一时刻的分离涡运动引起的逆压梯度诱导生成的。涡旋的生成、泄放、拉伸、对流、耗散会显著改变水下结构物周围的局部流场,进而影响局部冲淤和受力,工程设计中应考虑涡旋引起的复杂流动效应。